1. PoriferaPoriferaCycliophoraCycliophora CnidariaCnidaria CtenophoraCtenophora SipunculaSipuncula MolluscaMollusca AnnelidaAnnelida OnychophoraOnychophora TardigradaTardigrada BryozoaBryozoa PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes NemerteaNemertea RotiferaRotifera GnathostomulidaGnathostomulida GastrotrichaGastrotricha NematodaNematoda NematomorphaNematomorpha PriapulidaPriapulida KinorhynchaKinorhyncha LoriciferaLoricifera PhoronidaPhoronida BrachiopodaBrachiopoda EchinodermataEchinodermata ChordataChordata HemichordataHemichordata ArthropodaArthropoda Adapted from Lesser Known Protostome Phyla. SICB 2001. J.R. Garey.

2. Tardigrada http://www.solutionassoc.com/Fun/Fun.html

4. Tardigrada: “water bears” First discovered in 1773 800 spp 0.1-0.5mm in length Widespread Live in semi aquatic habitats, water film Cryptobiotic, some are cyclomorphic –Temp range from +149C to -272C, withstand high vacuum, high UV, long periods without O 2 –Dessication for > 120 years: back to life in hours

5. Tardigrada Metameric body plan Toes on each leg with intrinsic musculature (cf onychophoryans) Walk with muscles, not with hydrostatic skeleton Oral stylets pierce plant cell walls –Diets specialized for predation, herbivory, detritivory Internal fertilization, shed cuticle with eggs

6. PoriferaPoriferaCycliophoraCycliophora CnidariaCnidaria CtenophoraCtenophora SipunculaSipuncula MolluscaMollusca AnnelidaAnnelida OnychophoraOnychophora TardigradaTardigrada BryozoaBryozoa PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes NemerteaNemertea RotiferaRotifera GnathostomulidaGnathostomulida GastrotrichaGastrotricha NematodaNematoda NematomorphaNematomorpha PriapulidaPriapulida KinorhynchaKinorhyncha LoriciferaLoricifera PhoronidaPhoronida BrachiopodaBrachiopoda EchinodermataEchinodermata ChordataChordata HemichordataHemichordata ArthropodaArthropoda Adapted from Lesser Known Protostome Phyla. SICB 2001. J.R. Garey.

7. Onychophorans: velvet worms

8. Onychophorans Discovered in 1826 110 spp, 5mm-15 cm Extant spp all terrestrial –Humid habitats only –Cuticle thin (no Ca), permeable 13-43 pairs of sac-like legs Metameric –little tagmatization –little cephalization Annelid/arthropod link –Head ~ polychaete Oral “slime” papillae

9. Predaceous Spray adhesive goo from slime glands (modified nephridia) to entangle prey Gas exchange by trachea, spiracles –Not homologous to arthropod trachea Reproduction: –Ovoparity, viviparity, ovoviviparity

10. Echinodermata Ciliophora Chordata Mollusca Platyhelminthes Nematoda Porifera Annelida Other Apicomplex Sarcomastigophora Arthropoda

11. Phylum Arthropoda Arthro = joint, poda = feet –Refers to hard, chitinous exoskeleton “Terrestrialized” annelid body plan Metameric Tagmatized: –head, thorax, abdomen –cephalothorax, abdomen –prosoma, opisthosoma Cephalized –Compound eyes, antennae (mechano- & chemosensory)

12. Crustaceamorph stem line Precambrian (>542 mya) Paleozoic (542-251 mya) Mesozoic (251-65 mya) Cenozoic (65-present) Trilobita Chelicerata Myriapoda Hexapoda Modern crustacea P. Arthropoda

13. Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Trilobita SubPhylum Chelicerata –Class Merostomata – horseshoe crabs –Class Arachnida – spiders, ticks –Class Pycnogonida – sea spiders Subphylum Hexapoda –Class Entognatha –Class Insecta …!! SubPhylum Crustacea –6 subclasses

14. Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Trilobita Common 500 mya (4000 spp) but extinct by 225 mya Each body segment had a biramous appendage (inner for walking) 3 body tagma Compound eyes with ommatidia

16. Subphylum Chelicerata Include spiders and mites and daddy LL, scorpions, horseshoe crabs Lack antennae 1 st pair of appendages on the prosoma = the chelicerae (adapted for feeding)

17. Class Merostomata 4 spp, all marine Not true crabs (i.e., not crustaceans) head + thorax = prosoma or cephalothorax appendages of opisthosoma flattened to become “book gills” for gas exchange Telson