1. EMEP Monitoring Strategy Status and challenges, with main focus on the EECCA region Wenche Aas and Kjetil Tørseth EMEP/CCC (NILU)

2. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006 The EMEP vision; To be the main science based and policy-driven instrument for international cooperation in atmospheric monitoring and modelling activities, emission inventories and projections, and integrated assessment to help solve transboundary air pollution problems in Europe EMEP Topics Acidification and Eutrophication Photochemical oxidants Heavy metals Persistent Organic Pollutants Particulate matter UN-ECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (50 Parties) - 8 Specific protocols, where the first is European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) (41 Parties)

3. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006 Monitoring Strategy 2004-2009  Adopted in december 2004  Three levels approach  Level 1 Basic (1.st priority for new Parties)  Level 2 Supersites (added to level 1 sites)  Level 3 Research driven supersites  Parties responsibility to implement the Strategy

4. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006 Monitoring programme: Level 1 Main ions in precipitation and in air heavy metals in precipitations ozone PM 10 and PM 2.5 mass meteorology at ca 125 sites Level 2, supersite (joint EMEP/GAW) POPs Heavy metals in air and aerosols VOC EC/OC, OC speciation Mineral Dust PM speciation incl. gas particle ratio + all level 1 activities 15-20 sites Both levels are mandatory by all Parties

5. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006 Monitoring programme, Level 3 Optical propertiesScattering and absorption coefficients Research driven and voluntary,

6. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006 Positive consequences  Many countries have initiated national revision plans, the general impression is that most Parties intend to comply with requirements.  The strategy is used as an important instrument towards the funding authorities. CCC may assist when needed.  Generally large interest from research groups to get involved in EMEP measurements.  A better link between the traditional monitoring community and the research groups has been established  Particulate matter observations are in very good progress  Support to establish EMEP level 1 sites in some EECCA countries

7. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006 Challenges Level 1  Some Parties have given little response. Probably due to large difficulties to find national resources, most problems in Eastern Europe  Many sites lack a few parameters to get a complete measurement programme of level 1

8. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006 New EMEP sites in the EECCA region MD: Leovo UA: Danube delta KZ: Borovoye GE: Abastumani AR: In process

9. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006 New sites that will be establish: Georgia: Abastumani Moldova: LeovoKazakhstan: Borovoye Support from: CAPACT http://www.unece.org/ie/capact http://www.unece.org/ie/capact Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

10. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006 CAPACT project (2004 –2007): “Capacity Building for Air Quality Management and the Application of clean Coal Combustion Technologies in Central Asia” http://www.unece.org/ie/capact/ Objective The project will address the technological gaps and raise awareness of air quality management within the institutions in Central Asia. (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan)  Improved policies for air quality management (emission, monitoring, reporting etc).  Investments in technologies for cleaner combustion of coal.  Improved national energy policies.

11. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006 Challenges Level 1  Some Parties have given little response. Probably due to large difficulties to find national resources, most problems in Eastern Europe  Many sites lack a few parameters to get a complete measurement program of level 1 Level 2  POPs and Hg monitoring receives little attention  Photooxidats receives little attention (but EU directive addressing PAHs offers assistance)  Full chemical speciation of particles is difficult. It’s costly and there are problems to harmonise methodology (i.e for EC/OC)

12. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006 ~ 70 samples (NILU 2006) ~30 samples (NMR 2007-2008) ~2*50 samples (NFR 2006-2008) ~ 50 samples (INTAS 06-08)? Interlinked POP passive sampling campaigns have been initiated to improve the poor spatial coverage at present: GAPS study

13. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006 Intensive PM level 2 measurements June 2006 and January 2007  Chemical speciation  Size/nr distribution

14. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006 New EU projects that will support the EMEP programme: http://www.neu.ceh.ac.uk/ http://www.eusaar.net/ EUCAARI GEOMON Global Earth Observation and Monitoring

15. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006 Comments to the Report of the monitoring networks in the EECCA region:  Measurement programme  Only RU and BY that measure in rural areas. But it is not complete level 1 measurements at any sites. UA, MD,GE and KZ will measure in the near future.  Quality assurance and standardized methods  At present most countries follow the methods recommended by old Russian standards. But the EMEP manual is now translated to Russian, and the new sites will implement the methods recommended here.  Several Participants at EMEP and GAW training courses  Data reporting  Very little data reported to international bodies (EMEP, GAW, EANET). At present it is only RU and BY that report data to EMEP

16. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006 Expectations, EECCA countries  A very important region  High emissions  Strategic area for hemispheric transport issues  Little monitoring today  Expected that most countries will sign the EMEP protocol soon.  Need to establish EMEP level 1 sites in each country. Support can be found, i.e from foreign aid money, EU, UNECE. Training and capacity building is necessary.  Beeing part of an international monitoring programme, as on transboundary air pollution, will in addition, give competence and awarness on other envirionmental issues

17. Wenche Aas, EMEP/CCC. 6th WGEMA, Geneva 10-12 June 2006