1. Marcel Duchamp

2. The King of the Ready-Made
readymade or ready-made - An object manufactured for some other purpose, presented by an artist as a work of art. Between 1914 and 1921, Marcel Duchamp (French, ), who originated this concept, selected and signed, among others, a snow shovel, a comb, and a urinal. He occasionally altered readymades (sometimes called assisted readymades) -- the most famous of which was a cheap reproduction of Mona Lisa on which Duchamp drew a mustache.

3. Part of the Dada movement…
Dada - An early twentieth century art movement which ridiculed contemporary culture and traditional art forms.
Bicycle Wheel, 1913 / 1964

4. Fountain, 1917

5. L.H.O.O.Q. (1919)

6. Dada Sculpture

9. Raoul Hausmann's The Spirit of Our Time, (1921) (fig
Raoul Hausmann's The Spirit of Our Time, (1921) (fig.3), is an essemblage:
This multimedia sculpture looks like the remains of a soldier from the front; it stimulates the mind as the viewer tries to understand what the artist is thinking about. For instance all of the young men lining up, waiting to be processed for the war, are motivated by number and measure. Perhaps Hausmann wanted to address the blind allegiance to the false morality of the time, and the head represents what could happen as a result of this allegiance: one's individuality comes into question through a combination of cynicism and automatism when studying this piece.

10. David Smith

11. David Smith
This biography from the Archives of AskART: "David Smith was a leading-edge modernist, who created large-scale sculptures in styles ranging from Cubist, Surrealist, and Constructivist. Much of his importance to art historians is the fact that in his sculptures, he pioneered the style of Cubism and methods of welding. His work emphasized energy and movement, which aligned him with the Abstract Expressionists, especially gestural painters such as Jackson Pollock. Many of these abstracted forms had personal meaning and were comments on life and the innovation of technology. "

14. David Smith Cubi XXVI 1965, steel www.bluffton.edu/.../ scgarden5.html
David Smith
Cubi XXVI 1965, steel
scgarden5.html

15. Cubi XII, 1963 Stainless steel 109 5/8 x 49 1/4 x 32 1/4 in. (278
Cubi XII, 1963 Stainless steel 109 5/8 x 49 1/4 x 32 1/4 in. (278.5 x x 81.9 cm).
hirshhorn.si.edu/.../ interactive/geometric.html

18. 25 planes 1958 stainless steel 350.5 (h) x 169.5 (w) x 40.0 (d) cm

19. http://www. felsted. essex. sch

20. http://ist-socrates. berkeley