1. Dysfluency Diagnostic Organization (chart) Attitude Anxiety Case History, Interview Attitudinal Survey Hierarchies Stuttering Behavior 3 Modes for 1. Frequency Count 2. Typography 3. Other measures Other Situations

2. Differential Evaluation Language ad Speech Issues Dysfluency Interview At AnxStB Attitude Anxiety Stutering Behavior

3. 3 Basic Propositions about Stuttering, Shames & Sherrick 1. Continuities exist between fluency and stuttering 2. An operant definition of stuttering should include the environmental circumstances associated with specific forms of stuttering responses and their processes of change and deterioration 3. There is no single, simple contingency for stuttering. It is maintained by positive and negative reinforcement on complex multiple schedules

4. Differential Evaluation Linguistic and Oral-motor Assessment Linguistic and Oral-motor Assessment Fluency Assessment Interview (parent,child, adult spouse) Interview (parent,child, adult spouse) Attending Behaviors Central Auditory Processing Language Formal and Interactive Oral-Motor, including RAM Riley, Ryan, Prindzola, Cooper 1. Effects of different pragmatic, semantic and syntactic 2. Effect of social pressure complexities, such as …... Interpersonal and Interpersonal Components

5. Stuttering Behavior Ryan Counting Stuttered Words –frequency and typography Measuring Rate/minute –with stuttering –without stuttering

6. Stuttering Behaviors’ format Stuttering Behaviors –Whose protocol and format (what it measures) –Results in table format frequency (Word Spoken, Words R, Stuttered W) modes (Reading, Monologue, Conversation) typography –core behaviors –secondary behaviors –Any other situations ( Ryan measures more than 3 modes) –Severity ranking

7. Measurement of Stuttering 1 Frequency counts –percent syllable stuttered –percent words stuttered 2. Duration of moments of stuttering –length on seconds of client's typical moments –length of 3 longest blocks 3. Speech of Speech –stuttering SLOWS speaking rate –normal rates adults 190-210 spoken words/minute kindergarten-5% slower than adult speaking rtes

8. Measurement continued Two measures needed –a. Overall speaking rate –b. Articulatory Rate-No dysfluencies and pauses greater than 2 seconds –4. Length of Stutter Free Speech measured in both syllables/words and seconds length of three longest utterances –5. Speech Naturalness or Quality Rating Important depending on type of treatment ranking 1-9 –1 Natural –9 Highly Unnatural

9. Attitudes and Anxiety Explore through –Case History questions –Surveys –Attitudinal Questionnaires

10. Dysfluency Diagnostic Organization Report Writing Format –Case History 5 traditional categories Dysfluency section organized by interview construct –Evaluation Description of Language and Phonology Description of Dysfluency –use Ryan’s or Riley’s or other appropriate measurement Stuttering Attitudes and Anxiety (hierarchies) –Format »description of instrument »results »summary

11. Notes

12. End of Discussion