1. Input/Output Lindsay Robertson Sarah Wilson Katie Luscombe

2. What is Input? What is Output? Are there different kinds? How many of you are TESOL minors???

3. Second Language Acquisition  Interactionist Theory – importance of two way communication in the target language.  Nativist Theory – comprehensible target language input which is one- way.

4. Different Types of Input  Comprehensible Input  Meaning - focused Input  Interactive Input  Modified Input

5. Comprehensible Input  First hypothesized by Stephen Krashen over 30 years ago.  Expanded Chomsky’s Language Acquisition Device.  Language acquisition takes place during human interaction in the target language.

6. Comprehensible Input…  Krashen i+1 This hypothesis is concerned more with “acquisition” not “learning” The only time a learner can understand the input if they can connect to prior knowledge and known concepts

7. Meaning-Focused Input  Learning through listening and reading.  Main focus is gaining knowledge and understanding of what is read or listened to.  Examples: extensive reading, listening to stories, watching a movie, and being a listener in a conversation.

8. Modified Input  Teacher talk  Foreigner talk  Not simply speaking loudly  For example: Native speaker speaking slower and more deliberately to a non-native speaker.

9. Interactive Input  Long  Interactionist  Significance of interactional modifications which occur in the negotiating of meaning when communication problems arrive.

10. What are your experiences using these types of input???? You don’t always necessarily have to switch into English to make something comprehensible!!!!!

11. Output  Comprehensible Output Comprehensible Input from the other prespective. Producing language at a level that can be understand by your conversational partner. Pushed Output

12. Output  Swain – “Output Hypothesis” (1985) Producing language is part of the process of second language learning. Noticing/Triggering Function Hypothesis – Testing Function Metalinquistic (Reflective) Function

13. What are your experiences with output? Think of how many ways you can produce language???

14. Why has it taken so long?  Not till 1985 was output considered really important, why is this so?  What is input without output?