1. Federalism Chapter 3

2. Evaluate the federal response to Hurricane Katrina? It is viewed today as a massive failure do you agree with this statement or disagree ?

3. Defining Federalism What is Federalism? – Definition: A way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the land and people. Intergovernmental Relations- – Definition: The workings of the federal system- the entire set of interactions among national, state and local governments.

4. From Table 3.1 Defining Federalism UnitaryConfederateFederal CentralHolds primary authority Regulates activities of states Limited powers regarding states Shares power with the states StateLittle or no powers Regulated by central government Sovereign Allocate some duties to central government Shares power with the central government CitizensVote for central government officials Vote for state government officials Votes for both state & central officials

5. 11 countries out of 190 have a Federalsim System 1.Argentina 2.Australia 3.Austria 4.Brazil 5.Canada 6.Germany 7.India 8.Malaysia 9.Mexico 10.Switzerland 11.United States

6. Defining Federalism Why is Federalism So Important? – Decentralizes our politics More opportunities to participate – Decentralizes our policies Which government should take care of which problem? States can solve the same problem in different ways.

7. Examples of State & Gov Power Regulation of Railroads Labor Laws Minimum Wage Same Sex Marriage 21 to drink... (MADD)

8. Candy Lightner – lost daughter in 1980 to drunk driver Lobbied to pass the legal drinking age to 21 (Federal govt withheld federal highway funds)Candy Lightner – lost daughter in 1980 to drunk driver Lobbied to pass the legal drinking age to 21 (Federal govt withheld federal highway funds)

9. The Constitutional Basis of Federalism The Division of Power – The U.S. Constitution – Laws of Congress – Treaties – State Constitutions – State Laws

10. Cases where Federal Power trumps State Power 1976 National League of Cities v. Usery = minimum wage was decided by states 1985 Garcia v. San Antonio Metro = Congress stepped in and made this a national issue Late 1980’s National Guard Training (State Militia)

11. The Constitutional Basis of Federalism: Ways the National Govt. has Gained Power Establishing National Supremacy – Implied Powers – Commerce Powers – The Civil War – The Struggle for Racial Equality

12. McCulloch v. Maryland = 1819 Maryland wanted to tax the 2 nd bank of the US 15,000 a year for its business (they hated Hamilton and his bank) Elastic Clause... Congress can do what it wants if its in the best interest of the Country ? – Food – Water – Healthcare?....... ……………hmmmmm – Pollution

13. Commerce Power Gibbon’s v. Ogden = 1824 – Interstate commerce – 1995 United States v. Lopez = Said that the Federal Gun Free Zone Law passed in 1990 Congress overstepped their power

14. Racial Equality Plessey v. Fergusson = 1896 Separate but equal was ok 1954 Brown v. Board of Education = School segregation... Unconstitutional

15. The Constitutional Basis of Federalism States’ Obligations to Each Other – Full Faith and Credit – Extradition – Privileges and Immunities

16. Intergovernmental Relations Today Dual Federalism – Definition: A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies. – Like a layer cake – Ended in the 1930’s – Foreign & Military policy, postal and monetary systems

17. Intergovernmental Relations Today Cooperative Federalism – Definition: A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. – Shared costs – Shared administration – States follow federal guidelines – Control = schools, law enforecement, & road building (Texas Rangers anyone?)

18. Figure 3.2 Intergovernmental Relations Today Fiscal Federalism – Definition: The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government’s relations with state and local governments. – 1862 = Land Grant colleges? A&M?

19. Intergovernmental Relations Today Fiscal Federalism continued: – The Grant System: Distributing the Federal Pie Categorical Grants: Federal grants that can be used for specific purposes. They have strings attached –Project Grants- based on merit –Formula Grants: amount varies based on formulas Block Grants: Federal grants given more or less automatically to support broad programs. Grants are given to states & local governments

20. Intergovernmental Relations Today Fiscal Federalism continued… – The Scramble for Federal Dollars $300 billion in grants every year Universalism- a little something for everybody – The Mandate Blues Mandates are the “strings” attached to federal money Unfunded mandates are requirements on state & local governments- but no money

21. Understanding Federalism Advantages for Democracy – Increasing access to government – Local problems can be solved locally – Hard for political parties / interest groups to dominate ALL politics Disadvantages for Democracy – States have different levels of service – Local interest can counteract national interests – Too many levels of government- too much money

22. Figure 3.4 (1999 average: $6,734) Understanding Federalism

23. Federalism and the Scope of Government – Which level of government is best able to solve the problem? – Which level of government is best able to fund solutions to the problem?

24. Internet Resources Federal Grant search Issues of federal-state relations Statistical Abstract Council of State Governments Discussion of Federalist Papers