1. “Master Harold”… and the boys Language and Context

2. Starter In groups, brainstorm the connotations of either “man” or “boy” on your whiteboard. Feedback your responses. Are any associations more ‘neutral’ or ‘emotive’ than others? There are some phrases on the next slide to help with your brainstorm.

3. Man vs Boy o “You’re just a boy” o “Man up” o “boyish charm” o “Man flu” o It’s a man’s world” o “It’s a man’s job” o “boys will be boys” o “this’ll make a man out of you” o “separate the men from the boys” o “I’ll send the boy over with it”

4. Today’s Essential Questions Is what we mean and what we say the same thing? When is there a difference? What factors contribute to the meaning of what we say? Are these internal or external? Can a word or phrase be intrinsically wrong, bad or evil?

5. “I like the boy”

6. Racist language How racist is "boy"? Nov 1st 2010, 18:14 by R.L.G. | NEW YORK THAT was the question facing a federal appeals court in Atlanta, Georgia, which struck down a $1.3m award to a black employee of Tyson Foods. The employee, John Hithon, applied for a promotion. The boss, Tom Hatley, instead brought in two white outsiders, saying that the money-losing plant needed new blood. Mr Hithon sued, saying that Mr Hatley's use of "boy" to him proved racial hostility, and was awarded $1.75m. An appeals court overturned the ruling. The federal Supreme Court then sent the case back to trial. The case was then re-tried, and two witnesses (including Mr Hithon) once again testified that Mr Hatley had called each of them "boy". Mr Hithon again won at the lowest court, but at the appeals level, a three-judge panel reversed the verdict. The case could still be appealed further.

7. Questions: In the video clip, why does Mohammad Ali get upset? In the article, why does the case keep getting appealed and re-tried? So what have we learned about the word “boy”?

8. Need to KNOW: In countries such as the USA and South Africa, “boy” is historically a controversial term which has been used as an offensive term towards black men, recalling their subservient status and alleged infantility.

9. Closer to home Consider these scenarios. Place them in order of neutral to emotive. Which ones could cause offence? 1. I have lots of Gweilo friends. 2. Typical Gweilo! Always turning the aircon on. 3. Gweilo men always come here and marry Chinese women. 4. Chi-seen gweilo 5. Gweilos can’t use chopsticks or eat spicy food.

10. Today’s Essential Questions Is what we mean and what we say the same thing? When is there a difference? What factors contribute to the meaning of what we say? Are these internal or external? Can a word or phrase be intrinsically wrong, bad or evil?

11. Need to KNOW: Gweilo or Gwai Lo ( 鬼佬 )is a common Cantonese slang term for foreigners and has a long history of racially deprecatory use. The term is sometimes translated into English as foreign devil and originally meant "uncivilised tribes" given to mayhem and destruction.

12. DO: find and analyse “boy” in the text FunctionMeaningHow Reactionary? LiteralYoung male humanNeutral DescriptiveNot fully grown DiminutiveAffectionEmotive ExclamatoryExcitement Pejorative(Black) servantOffensive From the link in your email, get the pdf version of the text. Use the ‘find’ function or similar to identify each time the word “boy” is used. Note its meaning in the table on your handout.

13. The title: “Master Harold” …and the boys What is the significance of the word “boys” in the title? How does it contrast with “Master Harold”? How is it ironic? How does Fugard use italics, punctuation, upper/ lower case to highlight this?

14. What is significant in this scene? HALLY You’re only a servant here and don’t you forget it. (Still no response. Hally is trying hard to get one.) And as far as my father’s concerned, all you need to remember is that he is your boss. SAM (Needled at last) No he isn’t. I get paid by your mother. HALLY Don’t argue with me, Sam! SAM Then don’t say he’s my boss. HALLY He’s a and that’s good enough for you. white man

15. Today’s Essential Questions Is what we mean and what we say the same thing? When is there a difference? What factors contribute to the meaning of what we say? Are these internal or external? Can a word or phrase be intrinsically wrong, bad or evil?

16. EXIT TASK What can you now say about the relationship between a speaker, a word and its meaning? Make sentences to show what you understand about this relationship.

17. UNDERSTAND: Make sentences using these key concepts. meaninga speakertone of voice historical usage a word factorslocal custom implicationintentioncontext You don’t have to use all of them. Supply your own “relationship” words. Make more than one sentence of you can

18. Generalisation A speaker’s meaning is determined by such factors as historical usage, local custom, intention, context and tone of voice.

19. Student Feedback You need to know lots of things such as intention, background and local use before you can really understand what someone means The meaning of a word goes beyond its definition and includes its history and local use. When a speaker says a word, the intended meaning is more than just what that word says. You can’t understand exactly what a speaker intends just by knowing what the word means. Words can mean a lot more in a certain situation that they do on paper