1. POL 454 IRAQ: From autocracy to democracy

2. IRAQ: From Autocracy to Democracy I. EARLY IRAQ II. THE BAATH ERA III. DEMOCRACY FROM ABOVE Terms to Know Saddam HusseinFaisal I Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) Nuri al-MalikiFaisal II KDPPUK De-BaathificationJalal Talabani

3. “There is…no Iraqi people but unimaginable masses of human beings, devoid of any patriotic idea, imbued with religious traditions & absurdities, connected by no common tie, giving ear to evil, prone to anarchy, and perpetually ready to rise against any government.”

4. http://www.culture-iraq.com/pages/babylon-ruins.html

7. http://www.worldology.com/Iraq/turk_mongol_rule.htm

9. I. EARLY IRAQ 1920 Mandate & Revolt 1921 King Faisal I, Constitutional Republic 1932 Independence 1933-39 Ghazi 1939 Faisal II (age 4) 1941 British occupy 1945-58 Republic http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/i/iq_1920.gif http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/iq_kingd.html http://healingiraq.blogspot.com/iraq-map-province1.JPG

10. II. THE BA’ATH ERA 1958: Qasim & Arif oust Faisal Qasim jails Arif 1963: Baathists oust Qasim Arif takes power in bloodless coup 1968: Baathists oust Arif’s brother Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) Pres. & RCC Chair Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr RCC Vice-chair & VP Saddam Hussein

11. The Saddam Era 1979-2003 Personal Rule eclipses Party Secular, socialist, nationalist Arabism Vs. Persians & Kurds Islam & anti-zionism Vs. Gulf War coalition Women’s rights erode

12. III. DEMOCRACY FROM ABOVE 2003-2004 Coalition Provisional Authority +DeBaathification June ‘04 Sovereignty 1/30/05 Transitional National Assembly +Constitution adopted 10/05 12/15/05 Elections http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7874180.stm http://www.lebanonwire.com/0601MN/Iraq_election_results.gif

13. Iraqi Government: quasi-consociationalism Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki President Jalal Talabani Kurdish Regional Governmen t Speaker Sunni Hajim al-Hassani

14. Iraqi Society SUNNI Former Baathists Saddam loyalists Al Qaeda Sons of Iraq SHI’A Sadr & Badr Brigades KURDS KDP & PUK Ansar al-Islam PKK http://video.nytimes.com/video/2010/12/12/world/middleeast/1248069435923/iraq-christians-on-the- run.html

15. 2010 ELECTIONS National Alliance (State of Law + INA) PM Nouri Maliki Presidency: Kurds Iyad Allawi of al-Iraqiyya heads Council for National Strategy al-Iraqiyya’s Osama Nujaifi to be Speaker. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-11732158 http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2010/1221/Iraq-s-new-government-raises- hopes-even-as-key-ministries-go-unfilled