1. CHAPTER 13 Case Study Research

2. Case study research Case study research is... ‘an empirical inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context, especially when the boundaries between the phenomenon and context are not clearly evident’ (Yin, 1994: 13)

3. Case study research is not... any old research that happens to take place in an organisation a random collection of secondary organisational data a description of an organisational project

4. Suitability for case study research The crucial issue in determining suitability for a case study approach is whether or not the research question can be isolated from the wider organisational features. To illustrate...

5. Imagine a project which evaluates the success of a new IT system. There is a continuum: Focus on metrics and efficiency Focus on people and reactions Case study approach not appropriate Case study approach may be appropriate But there is a grey area in between the two extremes

6. When is case study research appropriate? Case study approach is appropriate where issues are embedded within the fabric of the organisation but this embeddedness means that they are difficult to investigate using single simple research methods.

7. Case study research and multiplicity Case study research is based on multiple sources of data: Multiple methods – probably both quantitative and qualitative methods Multiple cases – themes and issues are investigated across organisations. This can be a useful approach for secondary-data-only research

8. Multiple levels of data – data gathered from different positions in the organisational hierarchy Multiple sources – data gathered from different groups within the organisation or from both primary and secondary sources Investigations over time – longitudinal studies which revisit the organisation for further investigations

9. Going for it Having decided that your research question is best suited to a case study approach, you need to: Map out the connections and boundaries Use mind maps, relationship maps, etc, to clarify which literatures should inform your research and where you can (and cannot) access data

10. Then, Gain stakeholder agreement Case studies take time, require paths of access and even then might not meet the demands of the stakeholders. However, multiple methods is often a good way to meet different demands.

11. Then, Make sure that you have access to all the resources you need: –time –costs incurred in data-gathering time travel costs of production etc

12. Lastly, Select appropriate research methods: What skills do you need? What resources (IT systems) do you need? What are the demands, constraints and choices (Stewart, 1983) ? How will you pull together data from different sources?