1. Empires to Communists to modernization
China in the 20th Century
Empires to Communists to modernization

2. Quin (Chinese Dynasties)
China united under Shi Huangdi
United all the territories of China
Built the great wall

3. Empires

5. The Last Emporer Puyi Abdicated the Throne in 1912
China becomes a republic

6. Republic of China National People’s Party – Kuomintang Dr. Sun Yat-Sen
Unite China under a democracy

7. Moving in a new direction
Dr. Sun dies in 1925
Jiang Jie Shi takes over republic
Eliminate opposition parties, especially the Chinese

8. Communist’s in China Led by a man named Mao Zedong
Wanted to assume political power in China
Opposed the National People’s Party during the Civil War

9. Mao Zedong
“Every communist must grasp the truth, political power grows out of the barrel of a gun.”
Born in 1893
Joined the revolutionary army 1911

11. More Mao Became a Marxist at Beijing University
Co-founded the Chinese Communist Party in 1921

13. Beliefs Believed China was an agricultural society
Peasants would bring about revolution
Established the Chinse Soviet Republic in Southern Kiangsi province

15. Campaign against Commies
1927
Attacks in Shanghai against Communists
330,000 people killed through 1920’s

16. Support of the peasants
Mao had the support of the peasants
Jiang seeking enrichment
Treated peasants fairly
Distributed land evenly
Not seen as serving the best interests of the people

17. The Long March 1934 Communist Retreat
A series of marches, not just one
In 1935, the Communists were forced to evacuate Kiangsi
Enduring cold, hunger and attacks from nationalist troops and bandits
The Communist Army marched for more than a year
10, 000 km
18 mountain ranges
24 rivers
Ended at the mountain fortress of Yenan in the Northern Province of Shensi
90, 000 started the march but only 8000 survived

19. China during the Second World War
Kuomintang and the Communists united to fight the Japanese
Paused the civil war in order to combat Japanese

20. Civil War Part II 1946 – 1949 Kuomintang troops pushed back to Taiwan
Mao Zedong claims victory in China

21. The West
Only recognized The Nationalist government of the Republic of China in Taiwan
Jiang still claimed sovereignty over China
China today still claims Taiwan is not independent

22. China and Tibet 1949 Invasion of Tibet Dalai Lama had to sign treaty
In 1949 Chinese troops invaded Tibet claiming it was Chinese territory
Most leaders around the world did not recognize this claim but did nothing to stop the aggression
The government of Tibet and the Dalai Lama (spiritual leader) were forced to sign a treaty recognizing that Tibet belonged to China
The Chinese government promised Tibet some autonomy but this was not upheld and in 1959 Tibet rebelled and hundreds of thousands were killed in crackdowns by the Chinese government in the 1950’s

23. Dalai Lama

26. China under Mao China supported North Korea during the Korean War
China lost more than a million soldiers

27. Strength from within Ministry of Public Security
Denunciations, arrests, confessions, punishments
A Ministry of Public Security was established to find and punish enemies of the state
Denunciations, arrests, confessions and punishments allowed Mao to rule with an iron fist

28. Propaganda campaign Media subjected to censorship
Children taught to love Mao
Children studied Mao’s writings
Kids were also taught to spy on their parents to see if they were following Mao’s teachings

29. Great Leap Forward 1958 Expand and Modernize industry
Iron and steel plants constructed

30. Agriculture suffered Fields left to rot Agricultural output decrease
Ended in famine and economic chaos
With urbanization many farms were abandoned, crops left to rot in the fields
Agricultural output goes down
Estimates of death from 1959 to 1961 run as high as 30 million people
The famine was officially reported as a natural disaster

31. Mao retires
1959
Mao retires as the official leader of the Communist Party
Continued to influence policy as Chairperson of the Communist Party