1. Transposable elements Paul Kalitsis

2. History Barbara McClintock 1940s

4. History Genetic loci could change position Theory of mobile or controlling elements Challenged the concept of a static genome Stopped publishing from 1953 Awarded the Nobel Prize in 1983

6. History cont’ Identified in bacteria and yeast in the late 60s and early 70s

8. Junk or Selfish DNA No obvious role apart from self propagation Variations in genome size

9. Genome size C-value paradox Maize 2,500 Mb Arabidopsis 150 Mb Lilium 35,000 Mb

10. Types of TEs DNA transposons Retrotransposons Endogenous retroviruses

11. Biemont & Vieira 2006 Nature

12. Lander 2001 Nature

13. genome.ucsc.edu

14. Function Development Imprinting Tissue differentiation Evolution

15. Lilium henryi David Smyth School of Biological Sciences Monash University

16. Dispersed repeat in L. henryi 3.5 x 10 10 bp Distributed throughout the genome Retrotransposon 9.35 kb

17. gagRTRHINT

19. Selfish DNA Doolittle & Sapienza Orgel & Crick (1980 Nature)

20. Genome defense Recombination and deletion RNAi pathway

22. Epigenetic control Changes in DNA and/or protein Gene expression X-inactivation

23. Environment Stress Nutrition Chemicals

24. Morgan et. al. 1999 Waterland and Jirtle 2003 IAP Avy IAP Avy Me

25. Biemont & Vieira 2006 Nature

26. Human disease 0.5 – 1% Cancer Haemophilia Muscular dystrophy

27. Applications Mutagenesis Gene delivery and therapy

28. Co-option Immune system Placental development Telomere maintenance Centromere Epilepsy Early development

30. Acknowledgments Chromosome and Chromatin Group Australian Research Council