1. Sleep Abbrev. S.C. - superior colliculus LC - locus coeruleus LC  - LC sub  NRMC - n. reticularis magnocellularis (overlaps Moruzzi’s n. reticularis pontis oralis) FTG - gigantocellular tegmental field (peribrachial area) = lat. tegmental n. + pedunculopontine tegmental n.

2. REM : 1) Atonia : LC alpha--< NRMC--| spinal motor neurons 2) PGO ( pontine-geniculate-occipital ) spikes : Raphe (5HT) --| Area X (Ach) -- < cortex 3) EEG desynchrony : beta, theta waves NRMC --- < ------- < cortex (Ach) Raphe ----| FTG --- < superior colliculus (Ach) LC ----| -- < excitatory SWS : ---| inhibitory delta-peptide preoptic/ anterior hypothalamus SLEEP MECHANISMS

3. Sleep Midbrain Pons S.C., REM’s Ach- PGO Ach ß&Ø Inhibitory synapse Excitatory synapse Preoptic / Ant. Hypoth. SWS  - peptide L.C. NE LC  Area ‘X’ Raphé n. 5-HT NRMC To spinal motor neurons “Atonia” 1 2 3

4. REM - Depression SSRI : 5-HT REM 5-HT Depression REM Depression MAO-inhib: NE REM NE Depression REM Depression