1. Ancient Greece
700 B.C. – 400 B.C.

2. The Early Greeks Geography of Greece
Mainland Greece is a ___________, a body of land with water on 3 sides
Ionian Sea – West; Aegean Sea - East; Mediterranean Sea – South
Ancient Greeks were fishermen, sailors, traders, and farmers
Rocky soil made it hard to farm, but they did grow wheat, barley, olives and grapes

3. The Minoans
1st civilization in Greece (Island of _________)
__________________– kings palace that reveal the riches of people such as wine, oil, jewelry and statues
Collapsed around 1450 B.C. – historians disagree about the cause
1st use of indoor plumbing

4. The First Greek Kingdoms
The first Greek kings were Mycenaean leaders who invaded Greek mainland around 1900B.C.
Traded with Minoans
Before its collapse around 1100 B.C. – the most powerful civilization in Mediterranean
1100 B.C. – 150 B.C. the Dark Age occurred (less trade and poverty)
____________ invaded Greece – bring new weapons and farming technology
Copied Phoenician alphabet. Greek alphabet had _______ letters

5. A Move to Colonize
After ___________, Greek people began to set up colonies in other countries – spread Greek culture
Trade grew – merchants trading for money rather than other goods.

6. ___________, located at a top of a hill, was the main gathering place.
The Polis
________ (or City-State) – was like an independent country; varied in size and population.
___________, located at a top of a hill, was the main gathering place.
_________ – a marketplace in an open area to buy goods and discuss issues
1st people to develop the idea of citizenship, where people are treated equally and have rights and responsibilities
Only free, native-born, land-owning men could be citizens
Citizens could vote, hold office and own property
The military of city-states was made up of citizens, not nobles. These citizens were called ________
ancient agora
Hoplites

7. Sparta and Athens Tyranny in the City-States
Nobles, who owned large farms, seized power from Greek Kings
Farmers owed money to nobles – could not pay back debt; farmers sold into slavery
Farmers unhappy – led to ________, or people who take power by force and rule with total authority
Tyrants overthrew nobles during 600’s B.C.
The Greek people, tired of tyrants created oligarchies. ___________ is a form of government which a few people hold power.
___________ is a form of government in which all citizens share power.
Sparta – ____________
Athens - ____________

8. _________ – slaves of the Spartan society
Strong military of boys and men
Age 7 - all boys enter military
Age 20 – all boys enter regular army
Age 30 men return home, but serve in army until 60 years of age
Spartan girls were trained in sports to be healthy mothers
oligarchy containing two branches: _______________and a Assembly
kept foreigners out, discourage own people from leaving

9. Spartan Territory

10. Boys in Athens attended school and learned to read and write
Athenian girls learned household chores
A noble named _______ reformed the government of Athens in 594 B.C.
A tyrant, Peisistratus, seized power 30 years after Solon’s reforms
_____________ took power in 508 B.C. He created a democracy in Athens
Gave assembly more power
Created new council to carry out duties
Members of the council were chosen by lottery
Solon
Cleisthenes

12. Greek Gods
The Titans, also known as the elder gods, ruled the earth before the Olympians overthrew them. The ruler of the Titans was Cronus who was de-throned by his son Zeus. Most of the Titans fought with Cronus against Zeus and were punished by being banished to Tartarus. During their rule the Titans were associated with the various planets.
Gaea
Gaea is the Earth goddess. She mated with her son Uranus to produce the remaining Titans
Uranus
Uranus is the sky god and first ruler
Cronus
His wife was Rhea. There offspring were the first of the Olympians. To insure his safety Cronus ate each of the children as they were born. This worked until Rhea, unhappy at the loss of her children, tricked Cronus into swallowing a rock, instead of Zeus. When he grew up Zeus would revolt against Cronus and the other Titans, defeat them, and banish them to Tartarus in the underworld
Rhea
Rhea was the wife of Cronus
Atlas fought with the other Titans supporting Cronus against Zeus. As punishment – must hold the world on his back
Atlas

13. Poseidon
Gaea
Apollo
Hermes
Aphrodite
Zeus

14. Stadiums
Ancient Greek Stadium
Ancient Greek Amphitheater

15. Ohio Stadium 105,565 112,118 Neyland Stadium 104,079 Michigan stadium
Seating capacity
105,565
112,118
Neyland Stadium
Largest:: Indianapolis Speedway (250,000)
104,079

16. Olympics
The Olympics were held in Olympia – the oldest religious site in ancient Greece
The Olympics were open to any free-born Greek. Women were not allowed to attend – punishable by death
The traditional origin of the marathon comes from the story how a herald named Phidippides ran the 26 miles from Marathon to Athens to announce the Greek victory and died on the spot. Phidippides was sent by the Athenians to Sparta to ask for help – most likely never happened

17. Attacks such as breaking your opponent's fingers were permitted! Ouch!
Events:
Boxing
Equestrian events
Chariot racing
Riding
Pankration (wrestling/boxing)
Pentathlon
Discus
Javelin
Jump
Running
Wrestling
Boxing – No rules against hitting them on the ground
This was a 5-event combination of discus, javelin, jumping, running and wrestling.

18. Persia Attacks the Greeks
The Persian Empire
They were warriors and nomads who lived in __________ (Iran)
_____________united the Persians. Conquered Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Syria, Canaan and Phoenicia
________ came to power in 521 B.C. and reorganized the government
Divided into satrapies (provinces)
Each satrap had a ruler
Persia military known as ______________
________________ – religion of Persia (founded by Zoroaster)
- Believed in one god, freedom of humans, and triumph of good
Cyrus the Great
Darius
Immortals

19. EXTENT OF PERSIAN EMPIRE

20. After failed rebellion by Greeks, Darius decided punish city
The Persian Wars
After failed rebellion by Greeks, Darius decided punish city
_________________________(490 B.C.)
Outside of Athens; stunning defeat of the Persians by the Greeks
After the death of Darius, son Xerxes vowed revenge
Athens and Sparta united to stop Persian army at Thermopylae Pass - Greeks defeated
____________________________
Greeks used faster, smaller boats to defeat Persian fleet
Persian Army entered Athens and destroyed it
Greeks eventually defeated Persian army at the __________________

21. PERSIAN WARS

22. Persian Empire Falls
Weakened by war
Rulers heavily taxed their people
In-fighting among later rulers

23. Age of Pericles The Athenian Empire
Joined forces with other city-states – _______________
Moved League from Delos to Athens
____________________– people vote first hand on laws and policies
____________________– people select smaller groups to vote for them
_____________ – leader of Athens for 30 years, promoted democracy
Age of Pericles
Time of creativity and learning.
Promoted artist, writing, architecture, and philosophy

25. Daily Life in Athens
400 B.C. – population around ______________ people
most families owned slaves (Helots)
farmers grew grain vegetables, fruit, olives and grapes. Little farmland – import grain from other places
Herders raised sheep and goats for wool, milk and cheese
became the trading center of the Greek world. Merchants traded jewelry, pottery
Athenian women were responsible for caring for children and household
No political rights
____________ – well-educated influential woman of Greece
Aspasia

26. Peloponnesian War
Other city-states along with Sparta became suspicious of Athens. These city-states joined together against Athens – __________________
Pericle’s funeral oration reminded Athenians about democracy and gave them courage to continue fighting.
Athenians moved inside their walled city.
A disease killed more than 1/3 of the people inside Athens’ wall, including Pericle’s
Athenians eventually surrendered to the Spartan army.