1. Detection and the impact of man-made interference on EES (passive) operations Thomas vonDeak NASA Spectrum Management Office 28-October-2004 “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy" Hotel Panorama, Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy, 28-29 October 2004

2. ITU-R WP 7C Q.[MITIGATION] l Draft New Question intended to aid EES passive in addressing recurring issues impacting the study of unwanted emissions and in-band interference issues. l Approved by ITU-R WP 7C on 18 March 2004 l To be considered by SG 7 (tent. Nov. 2005) l Review of the Decides: - What prompted the particular Decides - The anticipated scope of the work (my view) - The status of current work - What needs to be done (again my view) “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

3. ITU-R WP 7C Q.[MITIGATION] Characterization of technical parameters and interference effects and possible interference mitigation techniques for passive sensors operating in the Earth exploration-satellite service (passive) Questions to be studied: 1Passive sensor applications and products 2Typical passive sensors characteristics 3Characterization of degradation from all possible interference sources 4Identification of interference degradation 5Passive sensors interference mitigation techniques “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

4. Decides 1: Passive sensor applications and products WhyWhy To increase the understanding within the ITU-R (and WRC) of the nature and impact of EES operations to societal and economic institutions. To increase the understanding within the ITU-R (and WRC) of the nature and impact of EES operations to societal and economic institutions. Builds on Recommendation ITU-R SA.515 Frequency Bands and Bandwidths used for Satellite Passive Sensing Builds on Recommendation ITU-R SA.515 Frequency Bands and Bandwidths used for Satellite Passive Sensing Scope (Presumably an ITU-R Report):Scope (Presumably an ITU-R Report): Description of the various passive sensor operations. Description of the various passive sensor operations. Description of post-sensor processing and products. Description of post-sensor processing and products. Explanation of the interdependency between sensor operations in multiple bands. Explanation of the interdependency between sensor operations in multiple bands. Providing a quantitative measure of product quality. Providing a quantitative measure of product quality. More quantitative than qualitative description of the societal and economic value of the products. More quantitative than qualitative description of the societal and economic value of the products. Overview of the future directions of sensor developments and their impact on products. Overview of the future directions of sensor developments and their impact on products. “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

5. Decides 1: Passive sensor applications and products StatusStatus No current inputs into ITU-R WP 7C on this subject No current inputs into ITU-R WP 7C on this subject US may input contribution for the November 2005 WP 7C meeting US may input contribution for the November 2005 WP 7C meeting Further WorkFurther Work Review of scope Review of scope “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

6. Decides 2: Typical passive sensors characteristics WhyWhy Provide a uniform set of characteristics to be used in sharing/compatibility studies. Provide a uniform set of characteristics to be used in sharing/compatibility studies. Scope: Presumably a RecommendationScope: Presumably a Recommendation Technical description of the various types of EES sensor characteristics Technical description of the various types of EES sensor characteristics Table of parameters of the sensor types on a band-by- band basis Table of parameters of the sensor types on a band-by- band basis “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

7. Decides 2: Typical passive sensors characteristics StatusStatus Annex 9 of WP 7C Chairman’s Report- Working document toward a preliminary draft new Recommendation - Typical technical and operational characteristics of Earth exploration-satellite service (passive) systems operating below 275 GHz Annex 9 of WP 7C Chairman’s Report- Working document toward a preliminary draft new Recommendation - Typical technical and operational characteristics of Earth exploration-satellite service (passive) systems operating below 275 GHz Annex 9 Annex 9 Further WorkFurther Work Development of band-by-band characteristics. Development of band-by-band characteristics. “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

8. Decides 3: Characterization of degradation from all possible interference sources WhyWhy Provides the foundation for developing interference apportionments for use in studies. Provides the foundation for developing interference apportionments for use in studies. Scope: Leads to Recommendation on apportionmentScope: Leads to Recommendation on apportionment Definition of interference degradation that supports a methodology for evaluating the impact of interference and mitigation techniques on sensor operations and products. Possible candidate: Increase of measurement uncertainty. Definition of interference degradation that supports a methodology for evaluating the impact of interference and mitigation techniques on sensor operations and products. Possible candidate: Increase of measurement uncertainty. Summary of all possible interference sources by types of sources Summary of all possible interference sources by types of sources Assessment of interference sources by type for their impact on sensor operations (eg., spurious emissions) Assessment of interference sources by type for their impact on sensor operations (eg., spurious emissions) “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

9. Decides 3: Characterization of degradation from all possible interference sources StatusStatus Annex 21 of WP 7C Chairman’s Report - Working document toward apportionment of interference criteria from Recommendation ITU-R SA.1029-2 Annex 21 of WP 7C Chairman’s Report - Working document toward apportionment of interference criteria from Recommendation ITU-R SA.1029-2 Annex 21 Annex 21 US might not submit inputs on this subject. US might not submit inputs on this subject. Further WorkFurther Work Resolution of the issue regarding the nature of the interference and its impact on apportionment methodology: constant vs time varying interference. Resolution of the issue regarding the nature of the interference and its impact on apportionment methodology: constant vs time varying interference. “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

10. Decides 4: Identification of interference degradation WhyWhy Provides foundation for identifying and evaluating mitigation techniques that may be considered by designers of EES sensor systems and/or applied to sensor data processing Provides foundation for identifying and evaluating mitigation techniques that may be considered by designers of EES sensor systems and/or applied to sensor data processing ScopeScope Defines interference parameters which can be potentially used to differentiate between man-made interference and natural emissions in sensor operations and sensor data processing. Defines interference parameters which can be potentially used to differentiate between man-made interference and natural emissions in sensor operations and sensor data processing. Provides methods for differentiation between man-made interference and natural emissions on a per pixel basis during sensor operations and sensor data processing. Provides methods for differentiation between man-made interference and natural emissions on a per pixel basis during sensor operations and sensor data processing. Provides methodology for assessing quantitatively the potential for differentiation methods to improve the quality of sensor data processing products. Provides methodology for assessing quantitatively the potential for differentiation methods to improve the quality of sensor data processing products. Provides methodology for assessing the impact of “grey pixels” on sensor data processing products. Provides methodology for assessing the impact of “grey pixels” on sensor data processing products. “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

11. Decides 4: Identification of interference degradation StatusStatus US is preparing a contribution on this subject for the WP 7C November 2005 meeting. US is preparing a contribution on this subject for the WP 7C November 2005 meeting. “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

12. Decides 5: Passive sensors interference mitigation techniques WhyWhy Expansion of the cursory work started in Recommendation ITU-R SM.1542 The protection of passive services from unwanted emissions Expansion of the cursory work started in Recommendation ITU-R SM.1542 The protection of passive services from unwanted emissions Addresses the issue of “equitable burden sharing”. Addresses the issue of “equitable burden sharing”. Provides recommendation on passive sensor techniques that should be employed to mitigate interference. Provides recommendation on passive sensor techniques that should be employed to mitigate interference. ScopeScope Summary of passive sensor interference mitigation techniques. Summary of passive sensor interference mitigation techniques. Provides methodology for quantitatively assessing interference mitigation techniques improvement of the quality of sensor data processing products. Provides methodology for quantitatively assessing interference mitigation techniques improvement of the quality of sensor data processing products. Recommendation on a band-by-band basis of interference mitigation techniques that should be employed by designers of sensor operations and sensor data processing. Recommendation on a band-by-band basis of interference mitigation techniques that should be employed by designers of sensor operations and sensor data processing. “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

13. Decides 5: Passive sensors mitigation techniques StatusStatus US planning input for WP 7C November 2005 meeting US planning input for WP 7C November 2005 meeting “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy"

14. And Also Computer Simulation of Active Service transmitter emissions “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy" WhyWhy Recommendation ITU-R SM.1541 regarded as too conservative overstating the amount of unwanted emission power. Recommendation ITU-R SM.1541 regarded as too conservative overstating the amount of unwanted emission power. Proposed raised cosine spectra representation regarded as too optimistic or incorrect. Proposed raised cosine spectra representation regarded as too optimistic or incorrect. Computer simulated MSS feeder link transmitter closely matched measured spectra. Computer simulated MSS feeder link transmitter closely matched measured spectra. Computer simulations can indicate the effectiveness and relative burden (that is, cost) of possible solutions. Computer simulations can indicate the effectiveness and relative burden (that is, cost) of possible solutions. Scope: revision of Recommendation ITU-R SM.1633 Compatibility analysis between a passive service and an active service allocated in adjacent and nearby bandsScope: revision of Recommendation ITU-R SM.1633 Compatibility analysis between a passive service and an active service allocated in adjacent and nearby bands

15. “Active Protection of Passive Radio Services: towards a concerted strategy" StatusStatus WP 9D: “acceptable approach”. WP 9D: “acceptable approach”. WP 7C: supports the use of this methodology. WP 7C: supports the use of this methodology. WP 4A: recommends use on a case by case basis in TG 1/9 studies. WP 4A: recommends use on a case by case basis in TG 1/9 studies. WP 8B: not appropriate to represent radar transmitters. WP 8B: not appropriate to represent radar transmitters. Further WorkFurther Work US submission into ITU-R TG 1/9 of proposed OOB factors for the fixed- service and fixed-satellite service that have been simulated with available parameters. US submission into ITU-R TG 1/9 of proposed OOB factors for the fixed- service and fixed-satellite service that have been simulated with available parameters. Computer Simulation of Active Service transmitter emissions