1. Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System AutonomicSympathaticParasympatheticSomatic NervesSensory NervesMotor Nerves Central Nervous System Nerves that carry information between organs and CNS Brain and spinal cord involuntaryvoluntary Fight or flightRest and digestInfo from environment sent to CNS Info sent from CNS to effector cells

3. Central Nervous System Brain coordinating centre of the nervous system Spinal cord Carries sensory nerve messages from receptors to the brain Relays motor nerve messages from the brain to muscles, organs and glands (Motor Neuron) (Sensory Neuron)

4. Blood-Brain Barrier Meninges Protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord Determines which chemicals may enter the brain Provides shock absorption

5. Blood Brain Barrier nutrients are not brought to brain by the blood. nutrients transported by the cerebrospinal fluid Between the pia and arachnoid mater Middle of the spinal cord Cerebrospinal fluid

6. Meningitis inflammation of the meninges viruses bacteria antibodies do not reach the brain requires prompt medical treatment

8. Three Sections of the Brain 1. Forebrain 2. Midbrain 3. Hind brain

9. The Brain forebrain hindbrain midbrain

10. Forebrain olfactory lobes – receive information about smell cerebrum – coordination of senses andvoluntary motor actions largest and most highly developed in humans further split into four lobes cerebral cortex – cerebrum surface Grey matter Has many folds that increase surface area

11. The Brain forebrain

12. The Brain

13. Activity of Brain - fMRI Figure 48.1

14. Frontal Lobe controls voluntary muscle movement responsible for reasoning modulates emotions based on socially acceptable norms Phineas Gage story – pg. 432

15. The Brain

16. Temporal Lobe processes vision and hearing amygdala – processes memory and emotions hippocampus – long- term memory

17. The Brain

18. Parietal Lobe processes touch and temperature visuospatial analysis examines numbers and processes ratios Visuospatial Tests

19. What is the missing number in the following sequence? 13 7 18 10 5 ? 9 1 12 6

20. Visuospatial Tests Of the groups of images, which does not belong?

21. Visuospatial Tests Count the number of triangles or squares.

22. Visuospatial Tests The geometric figure below can be divided with one straight line into two parts that will fit together to make a perfect square. The dividing line must connect which 2 points?

23. Visuospatial Tests The design on the left is made up of three paper squares of different sizes, one on top of the other. Assuming the squares are opaque and cannot be folded or otherwise altered, what is the minimum number of squares needed to create the design on the right?

24. Visuospatial Tests Fold the top image into a 3-D cube. Which of the bottom images represents the correctly folded object?

25. The Brain

26. Occipital Lobe responsible for primary visual information processing coordinates information gathered from the retina

27. The Brain midbrain

28. Midbrain thalamus – relays information between various parts of cerebrum (brain surface) hypothalamus – homeostatic regulation pituitary – homeostatic regulation

29. Midbrain Regions

30. The Brain hindbrain

31. Hind Brain cerebellum – regulates limb movement, balance and muscle tone finer muscle movements involve signals along more nerves medulla oblongata – controls involuntary muscles e.g. Breathing, diameter of blood vessels and heart rate pons – bridges information between cerebellum and medulla oblongata

32. Cerebellum

33. Medulla Oblongata & Pons

34. Brain Hemispheres Right vs. Left Brain Information stored in one side of the brain is not necessarily present in the other right brain visual patterns & spatial awareness left brain verbal skills & logic corpus callosum – nerve bundle allows communication between hemispheres

35. Corpus Callosum

36. Autonomic Nervous System

37. Peripheral Nervous System Somatic nerves Carries signals to skeletal muscles Voluntary –conscious control Autonomic nerves Regulates the internal environment Involuntary – without conscious control E.g. heart rate, blood pressure, etc. Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

38. Autonomic Nervous System sympathetic nervous system – prepares body for stress affected by epinephrine / norepinephrine parasympathetic nervous system – restores body to normal balance affected by acetylcholine

39. Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic

40. Classwork/Homework Section 9.3 – Pg. 434 #1,3,4,6,7 Section 9.4 – Pg. 437 #1,2,4,5