2. By: Reece Mayfield Mrs. Smalley October 22, 2011

3.  The Tigua first lived in Pueblo Gran Quivera, which is north of El Paso in the Manzano Mountains southeast of Albuquerque.  Most of El Paso is built on land taken from the Tigua.  They still live in El Paso.

4.  Tiguas were good farmers and hunters.  They raised corn, beans, squash, and sunflowers.  They hunted deer, antelope, and small animals like rabbits.  They also gathered nuts, fruits, and herbs.  Their favorite food were hominy, popcorn, baked beans, soups, and cornbread.

5.  Tiguas like to hunt and fish.  They like storytelling, music and art.  They are good at making pottery, jewelry, and baskets.

6.  Tigua perform many of the old ceremonies, dances and songs.  They have a drum that is very old that is used in these ceremonies.  The drum has been handed down for generations and no one knows how old it is.

7.  The Tigua Indians like to dance.  In the dances, they have north, south, east, and west to honor all directions.  The Butterfly Dance is held around Easter to give thanks to nature.

8.  Tigua Indians go to Catholic mass at the mission church. Saint Anthony is their patron saint.  In 1682, Tiguas had become Christians and built a mission church at Ysleta.  The Ysleta mission is the oldest church in Texas and the oldest mission in Texas.  Important religious ceremonies also are done at every stage of the farming season.

9.  The main difference between Tigua Indians and other Indian tribes are their houses.  Tigua Indians build Pueblos.  Many families live in one Pueblo.  Many Pueblos had hundreds of people living in them.  Some Pueblos were 4 or 5 stories high.

10.  Pueblo is Spanish and means "town".  A Pueblo is also a big building with many rooms in it.

11.  In 1680 Tigua Indians helped drive the Spanish out of New Mexico and down to El Paso.  The Spanish King gave them a grant of land around their Pueblo. This gave them title to the land.  The Tigua are the only Pueblo tribe still in Texas.  The Tigua also have contributed to Texas culture through their art and dance.

12.  In 1848, crooked settlers stole much of the Tigua land from them.  The State of Texas ignored the Spanish land grant and title of the land to the Tigua Indians.  Most of El Paso is built on land taken from the Tigua. This left the Tigua very poor.  Only the land around the Ysleta mission and their houses is still theirs.

13.  http://www.bigorrin.org/pueblo_kids.ht m http://www.bigorrin.org/pueblo_kids.ht m  http://dnn.epcc.edu/nwlibrary/borderlan ds/17_tigua_indians.htm http://dnn.epcc.edu/nwlibrary/borderlan ds/17_tigua_indians.htm  http://livebinders.com/play/play_shared _binder/32036 http://livebinders.com/play/play_shared _binder/32036  http://www.texasindians.com/tigua.htm http://www.texasindians.com/tigua.htm