1. WP4 AWAST Rennes, November 2001 – ISWA / Cemagref Material Recovery Facility (Sorting Plant)

2. WP4 AWAST Rennes, November 2001 – ISWA / Cemagref Stuttgart has 10 Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) 3 sorting plants for packaging, commercial and demolition waste 2 sorting plants for dismantling of WEEE 1 sorting plants for construction and demolition waste 3 sorting plants for paper 1 sorting plant for light weight fraction (packaging)

3. WP4 AWAST Rennes, November 2001 – ISWA / Cemagref There is no standard MRF process Processing depends on: Kind of material to be sorted Separate collection - how the material was collected (kerbside, bring system) Commingled collection Target for sorting (Recycling, RDF)

4. WP4 AWAST Rennes, November 2001 – ISWA / Cemagref Material recovery facility

5. WP4 AWAST Rennes, November 2001 – ISWA / Cemagref Two main separation principles: Screening/Separation according to sizes Classifying:(screening, air classification) Sorting: Separation, using the physical character of the material (magnetic separation, ballistic, eddy current, etc.)

6. WP4 AWAST Rennes, November 2001 – ISWA / Cemagref Flow sheet of a MRF for Light Weight Fraction

7. WP4 AWAST Rennes, November 2001 – ISWA / Cemagref Large Rejects Plastic films Fe-Metals Tetra Paks etc. Rejects Aluminium PE - bottles Mixed plastic Paper/board Cutting shredder Air classifier Magnetic separator Eddy current separator Roll bankNIR Drum screen Post-Sorting Air classifier

8. WP4 AWAST Rennes, November 2001 – ISWA / Cemagref Input: Packaging waste Reception area Cutting shredder opens the waste bags

9. WP4 AWAST Rennes, November 2001 – ISWA / Cemagref Screening Drum screens use a combination of rotation and screening

10. WP4 AWAST Rennes, November 2001 – ISWA / Cemagref Bucket screen operates like a large drum screen advantage: absolutely jam-free in severe operating conditions Coarse fraction Fine fraction

11. WP4 AWAST Rennes, November 2001 – ISWA / Cemagref Inclined sorting machines The Inclined Sorting Machine separates flat products from body- shaped products, inert material from non- combustible material.

12. WP4 AWAST Rennes, November 2001 – ISWA / Cemagref Ballistic separator Separates light and heavy fractions depending on its physical differences (specific weight) Consists of a movable and perforated slope which is distributed into several vibrating segments

13. WP4 AWAST Rennes, November 2001 – ISWA / Cemagref Air classifier Isolates light plastic and paper from the packaging stream – facilitates further separation Blower sucks air up through the throat, carrying light materials (paper, plastic) which then enter a cyclone separator where they loose velocity and drop out of the air stream

14. WP4 AWAST Rennes, November 2001 – ISWA / Cemagref To directly remove ferrous materials (tinplate cans or tin lids) floor-mounted or suspended by support beams over a moving conveyor belt Magnetic separator

15. WP4 AWAST Rennes, November 2001 – ISWA / Cemagref Eddy current separator High-frequency oscillatory magnetic fields induce an electric current in the conductive object separates conductive but nonferrous metals from lightweight commingled waste usually performed near the end of a separation process useful for separating aluminium from plastic mix This electric current generates a magnetic field, which causes the object to be repelled away from the primary magnetic field

16. WP4 AWAST Rennes, November 2001 – ISWA / Cemagref Manual sorting Manual picking stations line one or both sides of the moving conveyor belt Each picking station usually is devoted to one type of recyclable material System is less capital intensive but it is labor- intensive For workers health manual sorting must be capsulated

17. WP4 AWAST Rennes, November 2001 – ISWA / Cemagref Plastic sorting Automatic sorting by Near Infrared Technique (NIR) Position and material characterisation are scanned per Infrared Sensors notice the different reflections by the different plastics Computers analyse the data and direct blast pipes which remove the plastics pneumatically from the belt

18. WP4 AWAST Rennes, November 2001 – ISWA / Cemagref Sorting of Light Weight Fraction and Paper in Augsburg