1. Human Impact

2. Breaking news: World population has reached 7 billion... Can you think of any problems this might cause?

3. World Health Organisation You have been asked by the World Health Organisation to analyse some of the data which has been collected. To do this, you will need to use your problem solving skills.

4. Averages What has the average population of the world been over the past 60 years? Following an experiment, why is it better to calculate the average of your results? YearPopulation (billions) 19502.2 19603 19703.6 19804.2 19904.9 20006 20106.9

5. Ratio Express the difference in population size between 2000 and 1960 as a whole number ratio. Express the difference in population size between 1980 and 1960 as a whole number ratio. YearPopulation (billions) 19502.2 19603 19703.6 19804.2 19904.9 20006 20106.9

6. Percentages What percentage of the population in 2010, were alive in 1970? What percentage of the population in 2000 were alive in 1950? YearPopulation (billions) 19502.2 19603 19703.6 19804.2 19904.9 20006 20106.9

7. Percentage Change Calculate the percentage increase in the population size from 1950 to 1990. Calculate the percentage change in the size of the population from 1970 to 2010. YearPopulation (billions) 19502.2 19603 19703.6 19804.2 19904.9 20006 20106.9

8. Converting a percentage It is predicted that the world population in 2050 will have increased by 20% of 7 billion. By how much will it have increased? By 2100, it is predicted to have risen by 31% of 7 billion. What size will the population be in 2100? YearPopulation (billions) 19502.2 19603 19703.6 19804.2 19904.9 20006 20106.9

9. Plotting a graph. YearPopulation (billions) 19502.2 19603 19703.6 19804.2 19904.9 20006 20106.9 Plot a graph to demonstrate the data

10. Human Population Growth Human population growth can have an impact on biodiversity in many ways; e.g. Increased demand for food. Carbon dioxide production.

11. Measuring Human Impact Human impact on the environment can be calculated by measuring our ecological footprint. An ecological footprint is a measure of human demand on the Earth’s ecosystems.

12. Human Impact Research Green - Habitat destruction Orange - Over-fishing Blue - Oil spills

13. Human Impact Research Explain the role of humans in your given situation. Give specific examples of these roles. Explain how the biodiversity has been affected in each situation. Give specific examples.

14. Today we will be learning about; What intensive farming is? The advantages and disadvantages of intensive farming.

15. Intensive Farming Intensive farming is a method of farming which allows farmers to produce more food per acre of land. This often involves monoculture, the cultivation of a population of genetically identical crop.

16. Intensive Farming Intensive farming involves; Growing high yield plants in monocultures. Regular use of fertilisers, herbicides and pesticides. “Battery” farming of animals which reduces energy loss.

17. Intensive Farming - Advantages High yield (large quantity of food produced) Low cost of production Less labour intensive

18. Intensive Farming - Disadvantages Reduces Biodiversity – by clearing ecosystems for monoculture. -Using chemicals kill off weed and insect populations. - Fertilisers can cause pollution. Unethical -Animals are under high levels of stress and can suffer disease.

19. Questions What is intensive farming? Name an advantage and disadvantage of intensive farming. What is your own opinion on intensive farming?

20. Today we will be learning about… What GM crops are? How GM crops can be used to produce more food for the growing human population.

21. GM crops Genetically modified crops are produced when a useful gene from another organism is inserted into the cells of a plant. Plant typeCharacteristic. MaizeResistant to Insect pests. TomatoSlow to ripen PotatoResistant to fungal blight. Soya beansTolerate herbicide.

22. Can you remember the steps of genetic engineering?

23. GM crops Advantages - enable more food to be produced. - reduce reliance on pesticides. Disadvantages unethical insects and weeds can develop a mutation against the resistant plant.

24. GM crops YearYield of maize (Tonnes per Hectare) 19978.2 19988.7 19999.4 20007.3 20016.2 20024.8 20032.9 Plot a graph to demonstrate the percentage yield of maize per year. In 1997 GM crops were introduced. Calculate the percentage increase in yield between 1997 and 1999. Can you suggest a reason for why the yield of maize decreased again between 1999 and 2003?

25. Fertilisers Give one, get one – what do you know about fertilisers?

26. Watch the following clip about... Fertilisers – name the 3 minerals found in fertilisers? - What two methods are used on this organic farm instead?

27. Fertilisers Fertilisers contain nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The absence of any of these minerals will reduce growth in the plant.

28. Each packet has a ratio which needs to be simplified to a whole number ratio... Miragrow Excellent for leafy green grass and veg. NPK ratio 14:6:2

29. Each packet has a ratio which needs to be simplified to a whole number ratio... Supergrow The number one fertiliser for fruit trees and flowers. NPK ratio 27-3-9

30. Each packet has a ratio which needs to be simplified to a whole number ratio... Greengrow Growing potatoes? This is the fertiliser for you!! NPK ratio 4-36-12

31. Fertilisers Natural fertilisers include spreading manure and growing clover in the fields. Artificial fertilisers are chemicals.

32. Fertilisers NaturalArtificial Less PollutionLikely to cause pollution in water courses. Low costHigh cost. NPK composition is variable. Composition more reliable.

33. What do you think causes this?

34. Watch the following clip about... How do fertilisers cause algal blooms?

35. Put these in order... 1. Chemicals leach into water 2. Fish die 3. Overuse of fertilisers 4. Oxygen levels decrease 5. Algal bloom develops

36. Today we will be learning about… The steps of the Nitrogen Cycle. How feedback can help to improve our learning.

37. Mind map Create a mind map showing what you already know about feedback.

38. The Nitrogen Cycle Watch the following clip about the nitrogen cycle and create a sequence of the main steps.

39. Time for feedback! Your partner will give you feedback on how to improve your sequence. Act on the feedback you have received.

40. Nitrogen in plants (protein) Nitrogen in animals (protein) Nitrogen in waste and dead bodies (e.g. urine) Nitrogen gas in the air Nitrogen in ammonium compounds in soil Nitrogen in nitrites in the soil Nitrogen in nitrates in the soil Dentrification by bacteria Nitrogen fixation (by bacteria) Death Animal Nutrition Excretion and death Absorption by roots Decomposition by bacteria Nitrification by bacteria START HERE Nitrogen fixation (by bacteria)

41. Now try the card sort...

42. Time for feedback! Your partner will give you oral feedback on how to improve your sequence. Be kind, helpful and specific. Act on the feedback you have received.

43. Today we will be learning about… What an indicator species is? Examples of indicator species and their roles.

44. Human Impact – Water Pollution Watch the following clip about water pollution and prepare to summarise; 3 ways in which water becomes polluted.

45. Human Impact – Water Pollution Water pollution can be caused by substances such as fertilisers, sewage and oil spilling into the water. Indicator species in the water show the environmental conditions of the water.

46. Now try... The cut and paste activity using the information provided.

47. Human Impact – Water Pollution Sewage leaks into the rivers. Bacteria feed on the sewage. The numbers of bacteria in the river increase. Oxygen concentration in the river decreases. This causes the fish to die.

48. Lichens Lichens are another example of an indicator species. Healthy lichens are most abundant in areas with low levels of sulphur dioxide.

49. Lichens Graph Distance from city centre (miles)Percentage Lichen cover on trees (%) 00 15 212 319 433 544 652 765 871 973 1072

50. Lichens Graph Describe the trend shown by the graph. Explain the trend shown by the graph.

51. Today we will be learning about… What bioaccumulation is? How bioaccumulation affects the environment.

52. Now try to... Lay your cards out like a pyramid of numbers with the producers at the bottom. What do you notice about the concentration of DDT?

53. Bioaccumulation

54. Pesticide Problems Pesticides are chemicals sprayed onto crops to stop them being eaten. Some pesticides and insecticides are toxic and can build up in the bodies of organisms higher up the food chain and cause them harm. This is called bioaccumulation.

55. The Story of DDT DDT is a very well known insecticide used from the 1940s to reduce mosquito pests in Southern Europe which spread malaria. This insecticide saved millions of lives however DDT was not only killing the mosquitos and was building up in the food chains.

56. The Story of DDT Every molecule of DDT used is still somewhere in the food chains today!! DDT is not easily broken down by organisms and builds up in their bodies causing harm. Some birds of prey were nearly extinct because of DDT and it is also harmful to many fish. DDT is now banned in most countries and bird populations have somewhat recovered.

57. The effect of DDT DDT Concentration in birds (ppm) Shell Thickness (mm) 03.5 103.1 202.9 302.3 401.7 501.2 Plot a graph to demonstrate the effect of DDT concentration on shell thickness.

58. Can you explain… What bioaccumulation is? How bioaccumulation affects the environment.