1. Program Music Instrumental music that tells a story.
Absolute music- Music for its own sake (no program)
Ex. Bach Toccata & Fugue in d Minor
Programs will come in varying degrees of representation and specification
Made known by title of piece, movement or additional notes provide by the composer
Many are autobiographical
Carnaval – Festival before lent. Piece based on himself and his friends.
(Schumann and Ernestine recognizing each other at the ball )

2. Orchestral Program Music
Programmatic Symphony
- Symphony with a program
Concert Overture
- One movement, short piece, like an Opera Overture
Symphonic Poem (Tone Poem)
- One movement, long piece, very free in form (compared to a Symphony)
Incidental Music
- Music before or during a play

3. Hector Berlioz (1803-1869) Fascination with Shakespeare
Related to and was inspired by
“dramatic truth”
Obsession with Harriet Smithson
Shakespearean actress
Inspired Symphonie Fantastique
Program symphony in 5 parts
Berlioz wrote detailed description of each movement’s representation and intent (aka ‘program notes”)
Set Shakespearean plays to music

4. Symphonie Fantastique (1830)
I. Dreams - Passions
The artist sees a lovely woman
II. A ball
A dance where the two meet
III. Scene in the country
A peaceful night that turns badly as the lonely artist realizes that his love is unrequited
IV. March to the scaffold
After poisoning himself with opium, the artist dreams that he has murdered the woman, and is executed
V. Dream of a witches' Sabbath
He dreams of a hellish funeral
He sees himself at a witches’ sabbath, in the midst of a hideous gathering of shades, sorcerers and monsters of every kind who have come together for his funeral. Strange sounds, groans, outbursts of laughter; distant shouts which seem to be answered by more shouts. The beloved melody appears once more, but has now lost its noble and shy character; it is now no more than a vulgar dance tune, trivial and grotesque: it is she who is coming to the sabbath… Roar of delight at her arrival… She joins the diabolical orgy… The funeral knell tolls, burlesque parody of the Dies irae, the dance of the witches. The dance of the witches combined with the Dies irae.

5. Idee Fixe (Fixed Idea)
(7:00)
“This melodic image and its model keep haunting him ceaselessly like a double idée fixe. This explains the constant recurrence in all the movements of the symphony of the melody which launches the first allegro. The transitions from this state of dreamy melancholy, interrupted by occasional upsurges of aimless joy, to delirious passion, with its outbursts of fury and jealousy, its returns of tenderness, its tears, its religious consolations – all this forms the subject of the first movement.” -Berlioz