1. One of the key differences between experts and novices is an experts ability to recognize important information from less important information. Today: Inheritance for 1 gene

2. Sexual reproduction creates genetic diversity by combining DNA from 2 individuals, but also by creating genetically unique gametes. {Producing more cells} {Producing gametes} Fig 12.3

3. haploid diploid X 23 in humans X 23 in humans X 23 in humans Inheritance = The interaction between genes inherited from Mom and Dad.

4. Do parents’ genes/traits blend together in offspring?

5. In many instances there is a unique pattern of inheritance. Traits disappear and reappear in new ratios. Fig 13.4

6. GenotypePhenotype

7. Human blood types Box 44.2

8. One gene with three alleles controls carbohydrates that are found on Red Blood Cell membranes RBC A A A A A A A A A B B B B B B B B B Allele A = A carbsAllele B = B carbs Allele O = no carbs Box 44.2

9. Human blood types Box 44.2

10. RBC A A A A A A A A A We each have two versions of each gene… So Genotype could be A and A OR A and O

11. RBC A A A A A A A A A Recessive alleles do not show their phenotype when a dominant allele is present. Genotype could be A and A OR A and O

12. What about… Genotype = ?? RBC

13. What about… Genotype = OO RBC

14. A A A B A A B B B What about… B

15. RBC A A A B A A B B B What about… B Genotype = AB

16. Human blood types AA or AO AB BB or BO OO Box 44.2 Phenotyp e Genotype Phenotype Result of transfusion

17. If Frank has B blood type, his Dad has A blood type, And his Mom has B blood type… Should Frank be worried?

18. possible genotypes Mom=B blood BB or BO Dad=A blood AA or AO

19. Gametes all B / 50% B and 50% O all A / 50% A and 50% O possible genotypes Mom=B blood BB or BO Dad=A blood AA or AO

20. Mom=B blood BB or BO Dad=A blood AA or AO Gametes all B / 50% B and 50% O all A / 50% A and 50% O possible genotypes Frank can be BO = B blood …no worries

21. Mom=B blood BB or BO Dad=A blood AA Gametes all B / 50% B and 50% O all A possible genotypes Frank can be BO or BB = B blood …Uh-Oh Grandparents AB and AB

22. Some simple dominant/recessive relationships in humans Dom.Rec. Dom.

23. We can also predict the future Fig 2.12

24. Mom = ABDad = AB Inheritance of blood types

25. Mom = ABDad = AB Gametes:A or B Inheritance of blood types

26. Mom = ABDad = AB Gametes: A or B AA ABBB AB Chance of each phenotype for each offspring 25% AA 50% AB 25% BB Mom Dad Inheritance of blood types

27. Testcross: determining dominant/ recessive and zygosity

28. Fig 16.21 Sickle-cell anemia is caused by a point mutation

29. Sickled and normal red blood cells

30. Mom = HSDad = HS H or S HH HSSS HS possible offspring 75% Normal 25% Sickle-cell Mom Dad S=sickle-cell H=normal Sickle-Cell Anemia: A dominant or recessive allele?

31. Coincidence of malaria and sickle-cell anemia

32. Mom = HSDad = HS H or S HH HSSS HS possible offspring Oxygen transport: 75% Normal 25% Sickle-cell Malaria resistance: 75% resistant 25% susceptible Mom Dad Sickle-Cell Anemia: A dominant or recessive allele? S=sickle-cell H=normal

33. Variation in pea shape and color

34. Phenotype Genotype Fig 13.5

35. The inheritance of genes on different chromo- somes is independent.

36. Y y rR Gene for seed color Gene for seed shape Approximate position of seed color and shape genes in peas Chrom. 1/7Chrom. 7/7 Fig 13.8

37. The inheritance of genes on different chromosomes is independent: independent assortment

38. Fig 13.8 meiosis I meiosis II

39. Fig 13.8 The inheritance of genes on different chromosomes is independent: independent assortment

40. Fig 13.5