1. Federalism How the circle and the squares get along

2. Disaster Relief Who’s job was it to clean up New Orleans and the rest of the coast after Katrina?

3. No Child Left Behind Who’s job is it to regulate school performance?

4. What is Federalism? Federalism – Two or more governments exercising power and authority over the same people in the same territory OR… the relationship between the federal government (circle) and the state governments (squares)

5. 2 Federalisms? OLD SCHOOL – Dual Federalism –Federal and state governments remain dominant in their separate spheres of influence NEW SCHOOL – Cooperative Federalism –State and Federal governments work together to solve complex problems

6. 2 Federalisms TWO METAPHORS… Dual Federalism – Layer Cake Cooperative Federalism – Marble Cake Federal State

7. Fiscal Federalism Fiscal means $$$$ Q – How do you get the states to do things they normally wouldn’t do? Answer = Money Q – What is the answer to any question ever asked? Answer = Money

8. Grants-in-Aid Grants in Aid –Money paid from one level of government to another to be spent for a specific purpose Two Types: –Categorical Grants - target specific purposes and “strings attached.” –Block Grants – given for broad, general purposes and allow more discretion on how the money is spent (ex. Welfare reform)

9. Mandates Mandates: –A requirement that a state undertake an activity or provide a service –Most apply to Civil Rights and the Environment –Often times the states or local gov’ts have to pay the bill of the mandate set by Congress Called unfunded mandates

10. Change in Spending Shift towards Federal Gov’t Spending FederalStateLocal (City) 1929 17%23%60% 1939 47%23%30% 1960 64%17%19% 1997 66%19%15%

11. Devolution –the return of power to the state government –Idea is fueled by distrust of the federal government

12. Federalism is good Living under 2 governments is great… Built on compromise, promotes unity Gov’t duties can be split up Brings gov’t closer to people Allows for state gov’t to address issues in unique regions of the country Allows states to experiment with policy before enacting it at the federal level – Ex. Vermont’s free health care for children

13. Federalism is bad Living under 2 governments is bad… States can impede progress of Nation States are unequal States have different policy Easier for states to be dominated by interest groups