1. Magnetic interaction in ultra-compact binary systems 报告人：徐 倩 Astron.Astrophys.2009 Vol.9 No.7,725-744

2. Outline 1. Introduction 2. Orbital dynamics in compact bianries 3. Unipolar induction in compact binaries 4. Orbital evolution of unipolar-inductor compact binaries 5. Further

3. Introduction binary : double-star,star-planet,planet-moon system (under gravity) a—seperation of the two components P 0 —orbital period “0”,”1”,”2”—the orbit,the primary star and the secondary star,respectively

4. Introduction P 0 <600s Binaries: degenerate stars or black holes short-period systems,ultra-compact double- degenerate systems(UCDs) UCDs: combination of white dwarfs,neutron stars or black holes UCDs short-period systems,two white dwarfs

5. Orbital dynamics in compact binaries AM CVn binaries,direct-impact mass- transfer double degenerates(Algol binaries) orbital dynamics,orbital evolution:mass transfer Magnetic interacting UCDs angular momentum redistribution orbital dynamics,orbital evolution: internal energy dissipation

6. Orbital dynamics in compact binaries UCDs:strong sources of gravitational waves compact orbits The power of their gravitaional radiation(assuming an orbital eccentricity e=0):

7. Fig.1 Power of gravitional waves from white-dwarf pairs,normalized to the solar bolometric luminosity,as a function of the primary white- dwarf mass M1,for orbital periods of 600s(solid lines) and 300s(dotted lines).Each curve corresponds to a value of the secondary white-dwarf mass,labeled in solar- mass unit.

8. The evolution of the binary orbit: redistribution of angular momentum within the system,loss of angular momentum from the system The processes: assume

9. Orbital angular momentum is extracted from the binary only through the emission of gravitational waves. Rate of orbital angular-momentum loss:

10. If the stellar spins are decoupled from the orbital rotation: It is clear that: the binary orbit is always spun up.returnreturn

11. If the stellar spins are coupled with the orbital rotation: angular momenta can be injected from the orbit into the stars ‘ideal’ case,synchronous rotation return

12. In reality,perfect synchronism,hard to achieve for any binary system Spin-orbit asynchronism,despite tidal forces,magnetic interaction Mass exchange,mass loss of system,complicated dynamics Next: slightly asynchronous UCDs,magnetic interaction,mediates angular momentum exchange,stars and orbit

13. Unipolar induction in compact binaries Basic principle: a non-magnetic conducting body,linear size R,traverse a magnetic field B,velocity v,e.m.f.Φ~R|E|, The e.m.f. across the non-magnetic WD in orbit with a magnetic WD:1818 (anti-clockwise direction is positive)

14. Fig.2 Schematic illustration of the unipolar-inductor model for white-dwarf pairs.As the system revolves,a large e.m.f. is induced across the non-magnetic white dwarf and currents are driven between the two stars.The resistance in the atmospheric layers of the white dwarfs causes energy dissipation.Electromagnetic waves are emitted from the heated white-dwarf atmosphere.

15. f is the fractional effective area of the magnetic poles(hot spots) on the surface of the magnetic white dwarf f<<1, electrical circuit model: non-magnetic white dwarf electric generator or a battery(with a small internal resistance) plasmas conducting circuit wires magnetic white dwarf resistive load

16. What actually drives the electric currents? The energy reservoir is in fact the binary orbit. Similar to accretion,the ultimate energy source in a unipolar-inductor white-dwarf pair is still the gravitational potential

17. Orbital evolution of unipolar- inductor compact bianries Unipolar inductor model,asynchronous,orbital evolution,neither by equations in page 10,11 1011 Additional energy dissipation needs to be taken into account consider: non-magnetic white dwarf,tidally locked to synchronous rotation with the orbit

18. Further η depends on the density distribution and shape of the white dwarf Synchronizaton(unipolar- induction) time scale: 13 Merging time scale: WD coalescence, gravitational radiation losses

19. Further Unipolar induction phase,X-ray pulses,over system lifetime before coalescence occur,even Compact white-dwarf pairs,strong sources of gravitational radiation Without taking into account contribution of unipolar induction,gravitational signal,de- coherent,short timescale,posing problem in UCD detection

20. Thank you!