1. Presented By: Mathew Hazel John Healy & Ira Nicks

2. Overview What is Quantum Communications? Quantum Communications Basics Quantum Repeaters Current Quantum Experiments Future Applications of Quantum Communications Quantum Cryptography Standardization of Quantum Communications Federal Communications Commission Processes

3. What is Quantum Communication? Quantum Communication allows the use of entangle quantum states and/or the transmission of quantum bits. “Entanglement”, whereby the properties of two particles can be tied together even when they are far apart. Einstein called it "spooky action at a distance” Photons usually occur in pairs. Experiments have shown that the two members of a pair continue to interact even when separated by kilometer distances, and that these interactions occur almost instantaneously (faster than the speed of light).

4. Basics of Quantum Communication

5. Quantum Repeaters Current Quantum communications only works over a limited distance. Optical absorption along fiber optics means that photons start to lose their quantum state beyond about 15 kilometers. Quantum repeaters are used to extend the range of signal transmission

6. Quantum Repeater Demonstration

7. Quantum Experiments Physicists carried out a successful teleportation of particles of light over a distance of 600m across the River Danube in Austria.

8. Future Applications Deep Space Communications Secure Communications Lines Military / Government Communications -ship to ship -ground to satellite -satellite to ground Financial Information -Safeguard consumers during Internet commerce -Bank to ATM Transactions

9. Quantum Cryptology Send information in one of 4 states and then tell other party of the state used on secure line. Send information in different oscillation and then supply polarization information to other party on secure line. Provide user with the Bell Measurements to recreate quantum state at other end.

10. U.S. Organization to file with National Telecommunication and Information Administration (NTIA) American Institute of Electrical Engineers (IEEE) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Federal Communication Commission (FCC)

11. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) FCC form 159 FCC form 731 FCC Notification FCC Declaration of Conformity

12. Questions?