1. M.E. Wilson Pig Reproduction Pan Pacific Pork Expo 2006

2. 30 Pigs weaned/ sow/ year

4. Economics of reproduction 3-3.5 US cents per market pig/EBV point above the average $2.35 improvement in each generation

5. 5 Natural Mating Natural Service vs Artificial Insemination

6. Natural Service Artificial Insemination Total sperm cells 30-80 billion3 billion Total volume200 – 400 ml75-85 ml Seminal Plasma/ insemination 160-350 ml8-12 ml

8. Boar IDVolume% viable cellsMean recovery 730775.352% 1228670.624 % 1432466.635% 161994720% 1723483.639% Lebowa and Wilson, unpublished data, 2005 Which Boar will have the Highest Fertility?

9. Mean Fertility Results Boar IDservicesFarrowing %Total born 7309313.18 12298312.74 1431459.22 162710012.04 1727526.5 Lebowa and Wilson, unpublished data, 2005

10. Single Boar 93 79.6 9.26 Two different Boars 106 89.6 10.68 Number of Matings % conception Litter Size Thacker and Kirkwood, 1988 Effects of heterospermic matings verses homospermic matings on litter size

11. Comparison of Breeding Methods United Feeds, 1998 Method Number of Litters Farrowing rate % Total born - mummy AI- 2 different boars 2208812.36 Combo - 1 natural 1AI 2188812.06 Natural serv1898811.9 AI- 1boar1858811.62 A A A B Different superscripts P<.05 B B

12. Ultrasonography Monitoring Ovarian Activity No Follicles Follicles Kemp and Soede, 1996 follicles

13. Interval between insemination and ovulation Sows with >90% Normal Embryos Fertilization % Insemination48-401729 Pre-ovulation40-321437 32-2447 24-1679 16-88394 8-08693 Ovulation0-85475 Post-ovulation8-165362 The effects of the interval between insemination and ovulation on Fertilization rate and embryo viability (Soede, et.al., 1995a)

14. Synchronized Estrus and ovulation 500 – 750 IU of eCG Pregnecol (Canada) 400 IU eCG and 200 IU hCG (PG 600) 42 hours after hCG ovulation typically occurs 36-38 hours after pLH ovulation will be induced

15. Billions sperm cells/dose Number of doses 330 2.536 245 1.560 IUI -.6150 Managing dose potential per boar

16. The issue is not TECHNOLOGY The issue is IMPLEMENTATION

17. Transcervical Deep Uterine Artificial Insemination Traditional

18. TreatmentNTotal Pigs+/- Control Conventional 4 billion 100947- IUI 4 billion1001086+ 139 IUI 1 billion100892- 55 IUI.5 billion100712- 235 The number of pigs per 100 matings with 0.5, 1 or 4 billion cells transcervical 1 or 4 billion cells intra cervical 1 Transcervical catheter passage was 94%. Hemorrhaging observed on Catheter 4% of matings (n=620) K. Rozeboom

19. Sexed Sperm Cells Non-surgical implantation of embryos Frozen Semen Expanding genetic potential and reducing variation

20. Let’s jump into the future

21. Sperm sexing technology Based on the fact that more (2.8% – 7%) DNA is contained in X-bearing than in Y- bearing sperm

24. Surgically Flushing Embryos

25. Midwest Commercial ET Project Embryo Survival to Birth from Farrowed Sows Piglet Genotype Total Born Embryos Transferred (farrowed sows only) Pigs per Embryo Duroc182375.49 White66103.64 Total248478.52

26. Litter of 14 pigs from non-surgical transfer 15 embryos transferred 14 pigs born alive

27. Cloning Dolly, the sheep (1996) First mammal to be cloned from adult cells (mammary) Dolly Surrogate mother

28. Viable cloned offspring (litter size ave. = 4-8) Adult donor Cloned embryos Transferred within 24 hrs - Porcine Surgical transfer into oviduct- 50-100 clones Chromatin Transfer

29. Benefits of Cloning Advance superior genetics Feed efficiency Rate of gain Carcass traits Gene markers for disease Research model Removes more variation Medical models Testing human diseases