1. Fig. 14-CO, p. 379

2. Fig. 14-1a, p. 382

3. Fig. 14-1b, p. 383

4. Fig. 14-2a, p. 383

5. Bridles Net of nylon or Dacron mesh Net bucket Clamp Cable Net ring Weight Plankton net fabric as seen under a microscope

6. Fig. 14-2b, p. 383

7. Fig. 14-3, p. 384

8. Fig. 14-4, p. 385

9. Microbial loop vs “Official” food chain Fishes Microciliates microflagellates Zooplankton Decomposition, wastes Copepod Phytoplankton Cyanobacteria Wastes, decomposition DiatomDinoflagellate ProchlorococcusSynechococcus Dissolved organic material; inorganic nutrients

10. Fig. 14-4, p. 385 Fishes Microciliates microflagellates Decomposition, wastes Copepod Phytoplankton Cyanobacteria Wastes, decomposition DiatomDinoflagellate ProchlorococcusSynechococcus Dissolved organic material; inorganic nutrients Stepped Art Microbial loop vs “Official” food chain Zooplankton

11. Fig. 14-5a, p. 386

12. Fig. 14-5b, p. 386

13. Fig. 14-5c, p. 386

14. Fig. 14-6a, p. 387

15. Fig. 14-6b, p. 387

16. Inner valve Outer valve Diatom New valves forming Cross section of diatoms Auxospore formation b

17. Fig. 14-7a, p. 387

18. Fig. 14-7b, p. 387

19. Fig. 14-8a, p. 388

20. Fig. 14-8b, p. 388

21. Fig. 14-8c, p. 388

22. Fig. 14-9, p. 389

23. Buoy Clear bottle Opaque bottle Pair 1 Autotrophs in the transparent bottles produce carbohydrates by photosynthesis and consume carbohydrates by respiration. Autotrophs in the opaque bottles cannot produce carbohydrates by photosynthesis. Pair 3 Euphotic zone It's darker down here, and the amount of carbohydrates produced may equal the amount consumed. Pair 4 It may be so dark here that little photosynthesis can occur; consumption of carbohydrates would exceed production. Pair 5 Disphotic zone Weight

24. Box 14-1a/b, p. 390

25. Box 14-1c, p. 391

26. Fig. 14-10, p. 392

27. Fig. 14-11, p. 393

28. (ft) (m) Surface 0 0 Photosynthesis rate Photosynthesis inhibited here because of too much light Depth of greatest productivity 100 Gross productivity Lower light levels restrict photosynthesis down here (Position of bottle pair 3 in Figure 14.9) 50 200 Depth Compensation depth (respiration equals photosynthesis) (Position of bottle pair 4 in Figure 14.9) Bottom of euphotic zone 300 100 Respiration rate Oxygen minimum zone Net productivity

29. Fig. 14-12, p. 395

30. Fig. 14-13, p. 395

31. More Less Winter Spring Fall a Tropical oceanb North Pacificc Northern polar NutrientsPhytoplankton Water temperature SummerWinter Spring Fall Summer Winter Spring Fall Summer

32. Fig. 14-14, p. 396

33. Fig. 14-15, p. 396

34. Fig. 14-16a, p. 397

35. Fig. 14-16b, p. 397

36. Fig. 14-16c, p. 397

37. Fig. 14-17, p. 397

38. Fig. 14-18a, p. 399

39. Stipe Gas bladder Blade Holdfast

40. Fig. 14-18b, p. 399

41. Fig. 14-19, p. 400

42. Kelp Mangrove

43. Fig. 14-20, p. 401

44. Fig. 14-21, p. 401