1. Jazz  Jazz music originated with slaves.  In the African tradition, they had a single-line melody and a call-and-response pattern, but without the European concept of harmony.  In the early 19th century an increasing number of African-American musicians learned to play European instruments.  Another influence came from African- American slaves who had learned the harmonic style of hymns and incorporated it into their own music as spirituals.

2. Jazz  Begin with a basic melodies and musicians take turns improvising or “taking a solo” on the melody.  Melody  Improv

3. Jazz  Syncopation – shifting the accent to the weak beat or off-beat

4. Jazz  Syncopated rhythms reflected African speech patterns, and the African use of pentatonic scales led to blue notes in blues and jazz. (lowered 3 rd, 5 th, & 7 th )

5. Ragtime  Based on the military two-step march  Rhythms are "ragged" and syncopated (putting emphases on weak beat)  Mostly played on the piano

6. Scott Joplin  Most famous ragtime composer – Scott Joplin  Called "King of Ragtime"  Unsure of date of birth. Was 2 years old at census in July 1870  Born in Northeast Texas  Moved to Texarkana while still young

7. Texarkana

8. Scott Joplin  In the 1880’s, Joplin lived in Sedalia, MO as a teenager.  Joplin worked as an itinerant musician.  When not traveling Joplin played piano at local events  Died April 1, 1917

9. Joplin’s Music  Joplin received a 1-cent royalty from the sales of printed music of “Maple Leaf Rag,” which gave him a small, steady income for the rest of his life.  Sales of “Maple Leaf Rag” reached half a million in 10 years.  Wrote “The Entertainer” (used in movie, The Sting)  Also wrote an opera called “Treemonisha”