1. AGATA AGATA Advanced Gamma-Ray Tracking Array Next-generation spectrometer based on  -ray tracking Radioactive and stable beams, high recoil velocities Bulk crystals operated in position sensitive mode Very high efficiency and spectrum quality Collaboration of 12 European countries R&D programme started in ~1998 Compact 4  germanium array Total Cost 60 M€ INFN contribution 20÷25 % Construction period 2004-2008-2018 Experimental Physics program starts in 2008

2. Neutron rich heavy nuclei (N/Z → 2) Large neutron skins (r -r  → 1fm) New coherent excitation modes Shell quenching 132+x Sn Nuclei at the neutron drip line (Z → 25) Very large proton-neutron asymmetries Resonant excitation modes Neutron Decay Nuclear shapes Exotic shapes and isomers Coexistence and transitions Shell structure in nuclei Structure of doubly magic nuclei Changes in the (effective) interactions 48 Ni 100 Sn 78 Ni Proton drip line and N=Z nuclei Spectroscopy beyond the drip line Proton-neutron pairing Isospin symmetry Transfermium nuclei Shape coexistence New challenges in Nuclear Structure

3. Experimental conditions and challenges Low intensity High backgrounds Large Doppler broadening High counting rates High  -ray multiplicities High efficiency High sensitivity High throughput Ancillary detectors FAIR SPIRAL2 SPES EURISOL REX-ISOLDE MAFF High Int. Stable Need instrumentation

4. AGATA AGATA (Advanced Gamma Tracking Array) Main features Efficiency: 40% (M  =1) 25% (M  =30) today’s arrays ~10% (gain ~4) 5% (gain ~1000) Peak/Total: 65% (M  =1) 50% (M  =30) today~55% 40% Angular Resolution: ~1º  FWHM (1 MeV, v/c=50%) ~ 6 keV !!! today~40 keV Rates: 3 MHz (M  =1) 300 kHz (M  =30) today 1 MHz 20 kHz 180 large-volume, 36-fold segmented, encapsulated HPGe crystals 3 shapes, 60 all equal triple-clusters  solid angle coverage 80 % 6660 high-resolution digital electronics channels Sophisticated Pulse Shape Analysis  Position sensitive operation mode  Gamma-ray tracking

5. The AGATA Collaboration Bulgaria: Sofia Denmark: Copenhagen Finland: Finland: Jyväskylä France: GANIL, Lyon, Orsay, Saclay, Strasbourg Germany: Berlin, Bonn, GSI, Darmstadt, Köln, München Hungary: Debrecen Italy: Padova, Milano, LNL, Firenze, Camerino, Napoli, Genova Poland: Krakow, Swierk, Warsaw Romania: Bucharest Sweden: Lund, Stockholm, Uppsala Turkey:Ankara, Istanbul UK: Daresbury, Brighton, Keele, Liverpool, Manchester, Paisley, Surrey, York Bold, main financial contribution to the AGATA Demonstrator

6. AGATA will look like this 4  ball built out of 12 modules of 5 triple-clusters Fist module of 5 triple clusters  DEMONSTRATOR Commissioning 2007, Experiments start in 2008

7. Single: for tests and scanning 0.8 mm Al walls 0.4 mm spacing permanent vacuum Agata detectors Triple: for AGATA clusters high-purity Ge ~ 1.5 kg 36-pixels cathode Crystals Capsules Cryostats

8. 5 Clusters Demonstrator 5 Clusters Demonstrator The Phases of AGATA LNLPRISMACLARA GANILVAMOSEXOGAM GSIFRSRISING JYFLRITU JUROBALL 2007 Main issue is Doppler correction capability  coupling to beam and recoil tracking devices Improve resolution at higher recoil velocity Extend spectroscopy to more exotic nuclei Peak efficiency 3 – 8 % @ M  = 1 2 – 4 % @ M  = 30 Replace/Complement

9. 15 Clusters 1  The Phases of AGATA 2010 The first “real” tracking array Used at SPIRAL2, FAIR-HISPEC, High Intensity Stable Coupled to spectrometer, beam tracker, LCP arrays … Spectroscopy at the N=Z ( 100 Sn), n-drip line nuclei, …  = 0  = 0.5

10. The Phases of AGATA Also used as partial arrays in different labs Coupled to spectrometer, beam tracker, LCP arrays Spectroscopy at the N=Z ( 100 Sn), n-drip line nuclei, … 30 Clusters 2  Magnetic Spectrometer

11. The Phases of AGATA 45 Clusters 3  Efficient as a 120-ball (~20 % at high  -multiplicity) Ideal instrument for FAIR / EURISOL Also used as partial arrays in different labs Higher performance by coupling with ancillaries Ancillary

12. 60 Clusters 4  The Phases of AGATA Full ball, ideal to study extreme deformations and the most exotic nuclear species Most of the time used as partial arrays Maximum performance by coupling to ancillaries

13. Demonstrator (5 clusters) ready in 2007 Next phase (1  ) discussed in 2005-2006 New MoU and bids for funds in 2007 Construction start in 2008 –1  ready in 2010(12 M€) –2  ready in 2012(15 M€) –3  ready in 2015(15 M€) –4  ready in 2018(15 M€) Total cost  60 M€ (includes 20 % contingency) (excludes tax and man-power) Status and Evolution Estimated dates. Actual dates depend on funding profile and production capability of detectors

14. Physics with AGATA Coulomb excitation at barrier energiesat intermediate energies (~ 10 2 pps,  < 0.1) (~ 10 0 pps,   0.1 - 0.3) Evolution of shell structure GDR Collective excitationsSpin-flip transitions Nuclear astrophysicsFirst excited levels Transfer reactions, Nucleon knock-out & Coulomb break-up (> 10 3-4 pps,   0.1 - 0.3) Single particle energies Angular momentum contributions Spectroscopic factors Fragmentation and fusion studies (10 6 – 10 12 pps,   0.05- 0.3) First excited states in nuclei close to the drip lines Neutron rich nuclei at (very) high spins Structure of the heaviest nuclei close to the “line of stability”

15. Long Range Plan 2004 Recommendations and priorities … In order to exploit present and future facilities fully and most efficiently, advanced instrumentation and detection equipment will be required to carry on the various programmes. The project AGATA, for a 4  -array of highly segmented Ge detectors for  -ray detection and tracking, will benefit research programmes in the various facilities in Europe. NuPECC gives full support for the construction of AGATA and recommends that the R&D phase be pursued with vigour. page 25