3. Identify the family of organic compound under CARBONYL group and give the IUPAC & COMMON name D’ structure. CH 3 – CH – C – OH O║O║ OH

4. Identify the family of organic compound under CARBONYL group and give the IUPAC or COMMON name D’ structure. O║CO║C 3 HCCH 3

5. CH3 – (CH 2 ) 3 – C – CH – CH 3 O ║ C – H CH 3 Identify the family of organic compound under CARBONYL group and give the IUPAC & COMMON name D’ structure.

6. Identify the family of organic compound under CARBONYL group and give the IUPAC or COMMON name D’ structure. O ║ C – OH O ║ C – OH O ║ HO – C Cl

7. Identify the family of organic compound under CARBONYL group and give the IUPAC or COMMON name D’ structure. O ║ C – CH 3 3 HC HO

8. Identify the family of organic compound under CARBONYL group and give the IUPAC & COMMON name D’ structure. CH 3 – C – CH 2 – CH – CH 2 – CH 3 O ║ C – H 3 HC(CH 2 ) 2 – CH 3

10. FANCY FRUITY FRAGRANT ESTERS: Esters are chemicals that have distinctive (usually pleasant) aromas.. An ester is an organic compound that is formed when an alcohol reacts with an acid.

13. Carboxylic acid + Alcohol → ESTER + Water H+/ heat CH 3 – C – OH + H – O – CH 3 O║O║ H+/ heat CH 3 – C – O – CH 3 + H 2 O O║O║

16. An ESTER is named as two words. The first word is the alkyl group attached to the oxygen of the ESTER group. The ending ic acid will be replaced with the suffix ate. The common name which is used more often uses the common name of the carboxylic acid. IUPAC RULES

21. CH 3 – (CH 2 ) 2 – C – O – CH 2 – CH 3 O║O║

23. CH 3 – (CH 2 ) 2 – C – O – CH 2 - SH O║O║

25. CH 3 – (CH 2 ) 2 – C – O –– CH 3 O║O║

27. CH 3 – C – O – (CH 2 ) 7 – CH 3 O║O║

29. O ║ C – O – CH 3 NH 2

31. CH 3 – C – O – (CH 2 ) 2 – CH – CH 3 O║O║ CH 3

33. CH 3 – (CH 2 ) 2 – C – O – CH 2 – O║O║

35. H – C – O – CH 2 – CH – CH 3 O║O║ CH 3

37. CH 3 – C – O – CH 2 – O║O║

39. CH 3 – (CH 2 ) 2 – C – O – (CH 2 ) 4 – CH 3 O║O║

41. CH 3 – C – O – (CH 2 ) 2 – CH 3 O║O║

43. C – O O║O║ CH 2 – CH 3

44. Tutti fruity

45. CH 3 – C – O – O║O║ CH 2 – CH 3

57. H – C – O – CH 2 – CH 3 O║O║

65. Assignments What are physical & chemical properties of organic compound ESTERS? Cite some industrial applications of their chemical reactions. References: All organic chemistry book will do.

66. O ║ CH3 – (CH2)2 – C – H -------- → O ║ CH 3 – (CH 2 ) 2 – C – OH K 2 Cr 2 O 7 (O)

67. CH 3 – C – CH 3 O║O║ -------- → + H – H CH 3 – CH – CH 3 OHOH

68. O ║ C – OH OH + H – O – CH 3 H+/ heat O ║ C – O – CH 3 OH + H 2 O

69. O ║ C – O – H + Na – OH O ║ C – O ־ Na + + H 2 O

71. Solubility; Boiling Point; Melting Point; Polarity & Acidity. PROPERTIES PHYSICAL

72. A reaction that results to breaking of ester linkage. SAPONIFICATION

73. oxidation; hydrogenation; esterification; neutralization. PROPERTIES CHEMICAL

74. A reaction that involves water. HYDROLYSIS

76. ESTERS + Water ↔ Carboxylic acid + Alcohol/Phenol H+ CH 3 – (CH 2 ) 2 – C – O – CH 2 – CH 3 O║O║ + H – OH H+ CH 3 – (CH 2 ) 2 – C – OH O║O║ + H – O – CH 2 – CH 3

77. O ║ C – O – CH 3 OH + H – OH H+ O ║ C – OH OH + H – O – CH 3 CH 3 – C – O – (CH 2 ) 7 – CH 3 O║O║ H+ CH 3 – C – OH O║O║ + H – OH + H – O – (CH 2 ) 7 – CH 3

78. CH 3 – C – O – O║O║ CH 2 – CH 3 + H – OH H+ CH 3 – C – OH + O║O║ HO CH 2 – CH 3

79. ESTERS + Base ----→ Carboxylate salt + Alcohol CH 3 – (CH 2 ) 2 – C – O –– CH 3 O║O║ + Na – OH CH 3 – (CH 2 ) 2 – C – O – Na + O║O║ + HO –– CH 3

80. CH 3 – C – O – (CH 2 ) 2 – CH 3 O║O║ + Li – OHCH 3 – C – O ־ Li + O ║ C – O – CH 3 + K – OH O ║ C – O ־ K + O║O║ + HO – (CH 2 ) 2 – CH 3 + HO – CH 3

81. CH 3 – C – O – (CH 2 ) 2 – CH – CH 3 O║O║ CH 3 + Na – OH CH 3 – C – O – ־ Na+ O║O║ + HO – (CH 2 ) 2 – CH – CH 3 CH 3

83. PHYSICAL STATE: Lower molecular weighted esters are colorless volatile liquids. Higher esters are colorless waxy solids. ODOR: All esters have a strong fruity smell. SOLUBILITY: Lower members of esters are soluble in water. The solubility decreases with increase in molecular weight of the esters. Esters are soluble in organic solvents. Esters themselves are good organic solvents. ACIDIC NATURE: Esters are neutral to litmus tests. ONLY ONE OF ITS KIND

84. CLASSCOMPOUND WEIGHTBOILING Alkanepentane7235 °C EtherDiethyl ether7435 °C Aldehydebutanal7276 °C Alcohol1 - butanol74118 °C Carboxylic acid Propanoic acid 74141 °C ESTER Ethyl formate74108 °C Table of Comparison