2. Limb Bones BY : na3im

3. Two Widely Used Schemes for Memorization of Anatomical Data: Repetition: experiments on both students and rats show that the timing is very important. Repetitions should be minutes to hours apart (not days to weeks). The Hand Test and Foot Test are examples that can be used for repetitive learning Mnemonics: memorize something easy, such as a simple catchy phrase, then associate it with the items that you want to memorize. Favorite method of medical students. Mnemonics for memorizing carpal & tarsal bones are given in this presentation

4. Upper Limb

5. Humerus: Anterior Humerus Scapula Clavicle Radius Ulna Click R Button for Slideshow Greater tubercle Coracoid process Lesser tubercle Acromion process Glenoid fossa Deltoid tuberosity Medial epicondyle Trochlea Lateral epicondyle Coronoid fossa Capitulum

6. Humerus: Anterior2 Humerus Scapula Clavicle Radius Ulna Click R Button for Slideshow Greater tubercle Coracoid process Lesser tubercle Acromion process Glenoid fossa Deltoid tuberosity Medial epicondyle Trochlea Lateral epicondyle Coronoid fossa Capitulum

7. Humerus: Posterior For Slideshow Click R Button Right Arm, Posterior Scapula Spine of scapula Glenoid fossa of scapula Head of humerus Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Humerus Ulna Olecranon process of ulna Radius Greater tubercle of humerus Medial epicondyle of humerus Acromion of scapula Lateral epicondyle of humerus

8. Humerus: Posterior2 Right Arm, Posterior Scapula Spine of scapula Glenoid fossa of scapula Head of humerus Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Humerus Ulna Olecranon process of ulna Radius Greater tubercle of humerus Medial epicondyle of humerus Acromion of scapula Lateral epicondyle of humerus

9. Forearm: Anterior Radius Ulna Humerus Lateral epicondyle of humerus Medial epicondyle of humerus Coronoid process of ulna Head of radius Coronoid fossa of humerus Capitulum of humerus Trochlea of humerus Radial tuberosity Styloid process of ulna Styloid process of radius Right Arm, Anterior, Pronated Click R Button for Slideshow

10. Forearm: Anterior2 Radius Ulna Humerus Lateral epicondyle of humerus Medial epicondyle of humerus Coronoid process of ulna Head of radius Coronoid fossa of humerus Capitulum of humerus Trochlea of humerus Radial tuberosity Styloid process of ulna Styloid process of radius Right Arm, Anterior, Pronated Click R Button for Slideshow

11. Mnemonic for Learning Carpals She Likes To Play Lunate In the moonlight Triquetrum The third T Bone Pisiform Pea-shaped Try To Catch Her Trapezium: “It’s by the thumb” Trapezoid “Is by its side” Capitate Hamate A hambone With a hook Scaphoid A boat Click R Button for Slideshow Right Palm

12. Hand Quiz C D E F G H J K A B Answers: Next Slide; for Drill Click Back & Forth Right Palm

13. Hand Quiz Answers C. Trapezium D. Scaphoid E. Lunate F. Triquetrum G. Pisiform H. Hamate J. Capitate K. Trapezoid B. Metacarpals A. Phalanges Right Palm

14. Lower Limb

15. Femur: Posterior Tibia Fibula Femur Right, Posterior View Lateral condyle Medial condyle Linea aspera Greater trochanter Lesser trochanter Pelvis For Slideshow Click R Button Head of femur

16. Femur: Posterior2 Tibia Fibula Femur Right, Posterior View Lateral condyle Medial condyle Linea aspera Greater trochanter Lesser trochanter Pelvis Head of femur

17. Lower Leg Femur Tibia Fibula Tibial tuberosity Talus (tarsal bone) Medial malleolusLateral malleolus Medial condyle of tibia Lateral condyle of tibia Right Leg, Anterior View Click R Button for Slideshow Lateral condyle of femur Medial condyle of femur Knee cap

18. Lower Leg2 Femur Tibia Fibula Tibial tuberosity Talus (tarsal bone) Medial malleolusLateral malleolus Medial condyle of tibia Lateral condyle of tibia Right Leg, Anterior View Lateral condyle of femur Medial condyle of femur Knee cap

19. Mnemonic for Learning Tarsal Bones: M edial cuneiform (1) I ntermediate cuneiform (2) L ateral cuneiform (3) N avicular A boat It sails on the Cs T alus C alcaneus C uboid T iger C ubs N eed M I L C Click R Button for Slideshow

20. Foot Quiz A B C D E F G H J Answers: Next Slide; for Drill Click Back & Forth Right, Superior View

21. Foot Quiz Answers A. Phalanges B. Metatarsals C. Cuboid D. Calcaneus E. Talus F. Navicular G. Medial Cuneiform (1) H. Intermediate Cuneiform (2) J. Lateral Cuneiform (3) Right, Superior View

22. Want to Make Your Own Powerpoints for Studying Anatomy? You need: A computer with the Powerpoint program A source of anatomy drawings, preferably copyright free ones A source of medical mnemonics

23. Anatomical Drawings Copyright Free Anatomical Drawings: Online: Gray’s Anatomy, 1918: 1250 free drawings with descriptions. Excellent quality, but heavily labeled. http://www.bartleby.com/107/ Carl Bock. Handbuch der Anatomie des Menschen. 1841. Put on the web by Ronald A. Bergman http://www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/index.shtml Great drawings; fewer labels than Gray’s. Old Books (UC Berkeley Biosciences Library: (Xerox, then scan): Cull, P., Ed. (1989). The Sourcebook of Medical Illustration. Park Ridge, NJ, Parthenon. Simple line drawings. Copyright free. Toldt, C. (1907). Anatomischer Atlas fur Studierende und Arzte. Berlin, Urban & Schwarzenberg. The Limb Bones Powerpoint uses line drawings from Cull. This disc has examples of drawings from Gray’s & Bock (skull & pelvis) Make your own photographs & drawings using our models

24. Medical Mnemonics Some are in books like this: Goldberg, S. (1984). Clinical Anatomy Made Ridiculously Simple. Miami, FL, MedMaster. There are many more on the Internet. The best site that I have seen is Medical Mnemonics: http://www.medicalmnemonics.com Finally, you might try making up your own