1. SETTING WHEN and WHERE a story takes place the TIME and the PLACE of a story Why is SETTING important to HISTORICAL FICTION? Historical fiction is a story with a SETTING in the past (written about the past, not written in the past)--it can have fictional or non-fictional characters or events.

2. Realistic Fiction: fiction (made up story) that could happen. Uses realistic characters and events = BELIEVABLE EX: Bridge to Terabithia; Mother Fletcher’s Gift; All American Slurp

3. Sequence * the order of events in fiction and nonfiction can be the steps in a process Usually it’s what people mean when they talk about plot. CLUE WORDS/SIGNALS of Sequence: *TYPE OF CLUE WORD (EXAMPLE) * ordinal numbers (1st, fifth, 10th) * time line (dates, years, centuries, months, days of the week, time of day, etc.) * transition words (before, after, then, next, meanwhile)

4. Sequence *Sometimes, the order of events may be written out of order (when and where they happen in a text). Flashback: when the author "flashes back" to a previous/earlier event (EX.: in Old Yeller when Travis’s mom tells that he used to “tell whoppers”) Foreshadow: when the author hints/gives clues at what is going to/might happen later in the story (EX: when May Belle worries about Leslie not believing in God)

5. Cause Why something happens Sometimes the cause isn't directly stated. You can have multiple causes for ONE effect. Ex: No studying and goofing off in class (CAUSE)/// Bad grade is the effect Effect What happens because of something else. You can have multiple effects for ONE cause. EX: Bad grade is cause////grounded and no mall trip are the effects Cause and Effect

6. Cause & Effect Signal/Clue Words because happen so the effect of since therefore as a resultdue to ____ when___, then ___ if ____, then ____

7. Fact Versus Opinion Facts are statements that can be proven true or false. If a fact is true, it is supported with additional information. EXAMPLE: The actor has money. TRUE FACT. Additional info: He has a million dollar home, 2 Porsche coupes, a Corvette, and a summer home on the beach. If a “fact” is false, the opposite is supported with additional information. EXAMPLE: The actor has money. FALSE FACT. Additional info: He hasn’t paid a payment in over a year. His cars are repossessed, and his summer home is his mom’s house.

8. Fact Versus Opinion (Continued) Opinions are statements of a person’s thoughts, feelings, or ideas. Statements of opinion cannot be proven true or false. Statements of opinion can be either VALID or FAULTY VALID statements of opinion are supported by facts. EXAMPLE: Recycling is a BIG help. FACT: Recycling reduces trash in landfills. FAULTY statements of opinion are not supported by facts. EXAMPLE: Rita should be a scientist when she grows up. FACT: Maybe Rita is a better at something else than science.