1. Population Genetics The Study of how Populations change over time

2. Smallest Unit of Evolution

3. Gene Pools and Allele Frequencies

4. Hardy-Weinberg Theorem

5. p = frequency of the dominant allele q = frequency of the recessive allele p 2 = frequency of the homozygous dominant individual q 2 = frequency of the homozygous recessive individual 2pq = frequency of the heterozygotes

6. Assumptions Large Population No gene flow No net mutations No natural selection Random Mating

7. 5 Causes of Evolution

8. Mutations

9. 5 Causes of Evolution Gene Flow

10. 5 Causes of Evolution Non Random Mating

11. 5 Causes of Evolution Small Population Size - Genetic Drift Bottleneck Effect Founder’s Effect

13. 5 Causes of Evolution Natural Selection

14. Sexual Selection

16. No Perfect Organism Evolution is limited by historical constraints Adapations are often compromises Chance and natural selection interact Selection can only edit existing variations