1. Cell Organelles

2. Prokaryotic Cells First cell type on earth
Cell type of Bacteria and Archaea

3. Prokaryotic Cells No membrane bound nucleus
Nucleoid = region of DNA concentration
Organelles not bound by membranes

4. Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus bound by membrane
Include fungi, protists, plant, and animal cells
Possess many organelles
Protozoan

5. Animal Cell

6. Plant Cell

7. Cell Parts Cells – the basic unit of life
Organelles - small structures inside a cell with specific functions.
Analogy – City of Franklin

8. A) Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane
Function: Regulates materials entering and exiting the cell.
Structure: Two layers of phospholipids, proteins
Analogy – Franklin city limits

9. B) Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Function: All cell contents that lie between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
Structure: made up of fluid and organelles except for nucleus
Analogy – All air, water, life that are in Franklin, except City Hall

10. C) Nucleus Function: “Control Center.” Regulates DNA & RNA actions.
Structure: membrane bound, contains DNA
Analogy – City Hall

11. D) Nuclear Envelope
Nuclear Envelope
Function: Regulates what enters or exits the nucleus.
Structure: Double Layer of Lipids
Analogy – Walls & Doors of City Hall

12. E) Nucleolus
Nucleolus
Function: Produces RNA, which are used to make all proteins.
Structure: Inside Nucleus, separate from DNA
Analogy – The Mayor

13. F) DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA (chromatin)
Function: information on how to make proteins.
Structure: Made up of nucleotides, locked in the nucleus
Analogy – The Laws or City Code

14. G) Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Function: Transportation route for proteins.
Rough ER: has ribosomes
Smooth ER: no ribosomes
Structure: tubes and channels
Analogy – Roads & Sidewalks

15. Endoplasmic Reticulum

16. H) Ribosomes Function: Makes proteins.
Free Ribosomes
Function: Makes proteins.
Structure: small circular organelles
Analogy – Restaurants, Factories, Builders.

17. I) Vacuoles & Vesicles
Vesicles
Function: Storage for water, nutrients or waste.
Structure: small membrane-bound organelle.
Analogy – Grocery stores, water tanks.

18. Vacuole

19. J) Lysosomes
Lysosomes
Function: packets of enzymes that break down materials in a cell.
Structure: Small membrane-bound organelles
Analogy – Recycling center

20. K) Mitochondria
Mitochondria
Function: Produce energy for the cell – site of cellular respiration. “The Powerhouse”
Structure: Double membrane-bound, kidney shaped.
Analogy – Franklin Electric Plant Board

21. Mitochondria

22. L) Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus
Function: Packages, labels and ships proteins out of the cell.
Structure: Pancake-shaped layered organelle
Analogy – Post Office

23. Golgi Apparatus

24. N) Centrioles (Animals Only)
Function: microtubules that help divide the cell during cell division.
2. Structure: Tubules
Analogy – Franklin Elementary, Simpson Elementary, Lincoln Elementary

25. O) Cilia & Flagella
Cilia
Flagella
Flagella
Function: provides movement for the cell or objects moving by the cell.
Structure:
Flagella – 1 long fiber
Cilia – many short fibers
Analogy – Cars or bicycles.

26. P) Chloroplasts (Plants only)
Function: site of photosynthesis (converting sun and CO2 into sugar).
Structure: Membrane bound organelles that contain chlorophyll
Analogy – Solar Panels

28. Q) Cell Wall (Plant cells only)
Function: Provides support for the cell and the plant.
Structure: Made of cellulose
Analogy – ground, rock wall