1. The Coastal policy

4.  Coastal Policy was set up for a number of reasons.  Totally outnumbered in the naval sphere.  Persians had 400 ships in comparison to Alex’s 160.  Alex could not afford a defeat even to a superior force(note conversation with Parmenio). Morale in the army or back home in Greece would be difficult to maintain.

5. Land Forces were far stronger

6.  The cost of maintaining the navy was prohibitive to Alex considering his fledgling expedition  The Athenians had a major influence within the fleet. Once the fleet was disbanded this influence becomes diluted among the total force.  Alex trusts his land force especially his Phalanx to be able to tear out the soft underbelly of the Persians

8.  Many weaknesses with The Coastal Policy.  Allowed Persians chance to transfer war to Greece.  Allowed Persians opportunity to manoeuvre into better positions(two fronts).  Risked supply lines back to Macedon.  Remember luck of the death of Memnon.  Island and coastal fortresses became very difficult to conquer.

9.  Hallicarnassus

16. The Siege of Tyre  Organise the key events  Alexander’s difficulties and achievements  The valiant struggle by the Tyrians  The treatment of the survivors

18. Tyre Stage 1  Mole  Two Towers  Hides and Skins  Cattleboat  Tyrian Success

25. Step 2  Wider mole  Relentless, Implacable  Acquisition of a fleet. Cyprus + Phoenecia. Consider that the kings of the cities are with the fleets and their cities have been occupied by Alexander. It is a no brainer to come over to Alex’s side.  Reinforcements (4000)

26. Alexander’s Navy

27. Navy Continued

28. Step 3  Surprise of Large Fleet  Blockade of Harbours (Tyrians)  Blockade of Town (Alexander)  Artillery Ships  Large sunken stone blocks

30. Seige Weapons

31. Siege of Tyre

32. Step 4  Last efforts of the Tyrians  Surprise attack on the Cypriot contingent  Alex’s side careless  Alex “in person” puts them to flight  Defeat of Fleet  Location of weak spot

34. Step 5  Fall of city  Gangway ships used for Landing men  Observant Alexander?????  His personal command makes first breach  Importance of omens/prophecies in Plutarch  Savage Ferocity  Losses of 8,000  30,000 sold into slavery  Sacraifice to Heracles

37. The Fall of the City

39.  What were the difficulties Alexander had to overcome in order to capture Tyre? (20)  What techniques did the Tyrians use in order to defend their city? (15)  What is your opinion of the treatment of the Tyrians after the capture of the city? (15)

40. Gaza

41. Egypt

42. Zeus Ammon