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Unit 2: Demand, Supply, and Consumer Choice

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1 Unit 2: Demand, Supply, and Consumer Choice
Copyright ACDC Leadership 2015

2 Supply

3 Supply Defined EXAMPLE: Mowing Lawns What is supply?
Supply is the different quantities of a good that sellers are willing and able to sell (produce) at different prices. What is the Law of Supply? There is a DIRECT (or positive) relationship between price and quantity supplied. As price increases, the quantity producers make increases As price falls, the quantity producers make falls. Why? Because, at higher prices profit seeking firms have an incentive to produce more. EXAMPLE: Mowing Lawns Copyright ACDC Leadership 2015

4 Example of Supply You own an lawn mower and you are willing to mow lawns. How many lawns will you mow at these prices? Price per lawn mowed Quantity Supplied Supply Schedule $1 $5 $20 $50 $100 $1000 4

5 GRAPHING SUPPLY Draw this large in your notes Supply Schedule
Price of Milk Draw this large in your notes $5 4 3 2 1 Price Quantity Supplied $5 50 $4 40 $3 30 $2 20 $1 10 Q Quantity of Milk 5

6 GRAPHING SUPPLY Supply Schedule Price of Milk Supply $5 50 $4 40 $3 30
2 1 Price Quantity Supplied $5 50 $4 40 $3 30 $2 20 $1 10 Q Quantity of Milk 6

7 GRAPHING SUPPLY What if there are new and more productive
Supply Schedule What if there are new and more productive milking machines? Price of Milk Supply $5 4 3 2 1 Price Quantity Supplied $5 50 $4 40 $3 30 $2 20 $1 10 Q Quantity of Milk 7

8 Change in Supply Supply Schedule Price of Milk Supply $5 50 $4 40 $3
2 1 Price Quantity Supplied $5 50 $4 40 $3 30 $2 20 $1 10 Q Quantity of Milk 8

9 Change in Supply Supply Schedule Price of Milk Supply $5 50 $4 40 $3
2 1 Price Quantity Supplied $5 50 $4 40 $3 30 $2 20 $1 10 Q Quantity of Milk 9

10 Change in Supply Supply Schedule Price of Milk Supply $5 70 $4 60 $3
2 1 Price Quantity Supplied $5 70 $4 60 $3 50 $2 40 $1 10 30 Q Quantity of Milk 10

11 Prices didn’t change but there is MORE milk produced
Change in Supply Supply Schedule Price of Milk Supply S2 $5 4 3 2 1 Price Quantity Supplied $5 70 $4 60 $3 50 $2 40 $1 10 30 Increase in Supply Prices didn’t change but there is MORE milk produced Q Quantity of Milk 11

12 Change in Supply What if the price for dairy cows increases
Supply Schedule What if the price for dairy cows increases drastically? Price of Milk Supply $5 4 3 2 1 Price Quantity Supplied $5 50 $4 40 $3 30 $2 20 $1 10 Q Quantity of Milk 12

13 Change in Supply Supply Schedule Price of Milk Supply $5 50 $4 40 $3
2 1 Price Quantity Supplied $5 50 $4 40 $3 30 $2 20 $1 10 Q Quantity of Milk 13

14 Change in Supply Supply Schedule Price of Milk Supply $5 50 $4 40 $3
2 1 Price Quantity Supplied $5 50 $4 40 $3 30 $2 20 $1 10 Q Quantity of Milk 14

15 Change in Supply Supply Schedule Price of Milk Supply $5 30 $4 20 $3
1 Price Quantity Supplied $5 30 $4 20 $3 10 $2 1 $1 10 0 Q Quantity of Milk 15

16 Prices didn’t change but there is LESS milk produced
Change in Supply Supply Schedule Price of Milk Supply S2 $5 4 3 2 1 Price Quantity Supplied $5 30 $4 20 $3 10 $2 1 $1 10 0 Decrease in Supply Prices didn’t change but there is LESS milk produced Q Quantity of Milk 16

17 Change in Supply What if there is a increase in the number
Supply Schedule What if there is a increase in the number of milk producers? Price of Milk Supply $5 4 3 2 1 Price Quantity Supplied $5 50 $4 40 $3 30 $2 20 $1 10 Q Quantity of Milk 17

18 5 Shifters (Determinants) of Supply
Prices/Availability of inputs (resources) Number of Sellers Technology Government Action: Taxes & Subsidies 5. Expectations of Future Profit Changes in PRICE don’t shift the curve. It only causes movement along the curve. Copyright ACDC Leadership 2015

19 Practice Questions 1. Which of the following will cause the quantity supplied for milk to decrease? Decrease in the price of a key resource A decrease in the number of milk producers A decrease in the price of milk An increase in the price of milk A subsidy for milk producers Answer C. A change in price is rice is the only thing that changes quantity supplied Copyright ACDC Leadership 2015

20 Supply Practice Identify the determinant (shifter) then decide if supply will increase or decrease Shifter Increase or Decrease Left or Right 1 2 3 4 5 6 20 20

21 Supply Practice Analyze Hamburgers Strange virus kills 20% of cows
Which determinant (SHIFTER)? Increase or decrease? Which direction will curve shift? Analyze Hamburgers Strange virus kills 20% of cows Price of hamburgers increase 30% Government taxes burger producers New bun baking technology cuts production time in half The government subsidizes dairy farmers Minimum wage increases to $20 Decrease in availability of resources, decrease. Price doesn’t shift curve, no shift. Government action, decrease. Technology, increase. Government action, increase Price of resources, decrease. Copyright ACDC Leadership 2015

22 Putting Supply and Demand Together!!!
Copyright ACDC Leadership 2015

23 Supply and Demand are put together to determine equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity
Supply Schedule Demand Schedule S $5 4 3 2 1 P Qd $5 10 $4 20 $3 30 $2 50 $1 80 P Qs $5 50 $4 40 $3 30 $2 20 $1 10 D Q 23

24 Equilibrium Price = $3 (Qd=Qs) Equilibrium Quantity is 30
Supply and Demand are put together to determine equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity P Supply Schedule Demand Schedule S $5 4 3 2 1 P Qd $5 10 $4 20 $3 30 $2 50 $1 80 P Qs $5 50 $4 40 $3 30 $2 20 $1 10 Equilibrium Price = $3 (Qd=Qs) D Q Equilibrium Quantity is 30 24

25 What if the price increases to $4?
Supply and Demand are put together to determine equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity What if the price increases to $4? P Supply Schedule Demand Schedule S $5 4 3 2 1 P Qd $5 10 $4 20 $3 30 $2 50 $1 80 P Qs $5 50 $4 40 $3 30 $2 20 $1 10 D Q 25

26 How much is the surplus at $4?
At $4, there is disequilibrium. The quantity demanded is less than quantity supplied. P Supply Schedule Demand Schedule S $5 4 3 2 1 Surplus (Qd<Qs) P Qd $5 10 $4 20 $3 30 $2 50 $1 80 P Qs $5 50 $4 40 $3 30 $2 20 $1 10 How much is the surplus at $4? Answer: 20 D Q 26

27 How much is the surplus if the price is $5?
What if the price decreases to $2? P Supply Schedule Demand Schedule S $5 4 3 2 1 P Qd $5 10 $4 20 $3 30 $2 50 $1 80 P Qs $5 50 $4 40 $3 30 $2 20 $1 10 Answer: 40 D Q 27

28 How much is the shortage at $2?
At $2, there is disequilibrium. The quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied. P Supply Schedule Demand Schedule S $5 4 3 2 1 P Qd $5 10 $4 20 $3 30 $2 50 $1 80 P Qs $5 50 $4 40 $3 30 $2 20 $1 10 How much is the shortage at $2? Answer: 30 Shortage (Qd>Qs) D Q 28

29 How much is the shortage if the price is $1?
Supply Schedule Demand Schedule S $5 4 3 2 1 P Qd $5 10 $4 20 $3 30 $2 50 $1 80 P Qs $5 50 $4 40 $3 30 $2 20 $1 10 Answer: 70 D Q 29

30 The FREE MARKET system automatically pushes the price toward equilibrium.
Supply Schedule Demand Schedule S $5 4 3 2 1 When there is a surplus, producers lower prices P Qd $5 10 $4 20 $3 30 $2 50 $1 80 P Qs $5 50 $4 40 $3 30 $2 20 $1 10 When there is a shortage, producers raise prices D Q 30

31 Review Explain the Law of Demand Explain the Law of Supply
Identify the 5 shifters of demand Identify the 6 shifters of supply Define Subsidy Explain why price DOESN’T shift the curve Define Equilibrium Define Shortage Define Surplus Identify 10 stores in the mall Copyright ACDC Leadership 2015

32 2008 Audit Exam 32. A

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