1. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk1 Forward detector overview Si-FMD (Forward Multiplicity Detector) NBI+INR oSi-strip Ring counters (5) with >50.000 channels o-5.1<  < -1.7; 1.7<  < 3.4 oPrecise off-line charged particle multiplicity for A+A, p+p oFluctuations event-by-event, flow analysis T0 (Beam-Beam Detector) Jyvæskyla + MEPhI, INR, Budker, Kurchatov o2 arrays of 12 Cerenkov radiators + PM tubes o-5<  < -4.5; 2.9<  < 3.3 oFast timing LVL0 signal (  =50ps), online vertex determination oMain time reference and backup for MinBias trigger V0 (Centrality and collision vertex) Lyon+Mexico o2 arrays of plastic scintillator tiles w. fiber+PMT o-5.1<  < -2.5; 1.7<  < 3.8 oMain LVL0 MinBias for p+p and A+A and centrality trigger A+A oBackground rejection

2. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk2 Forward detectors T0 R 2.9 < |  | < 3.3 T 0 for the TOF (< 50 ps time res.) Two arrays of 12 quartz counters. Also backup to V0 SI-FMD Multiplicity and dn/d  1.7 <  < 3.4 and -5.1 <  < -1.7 Silicon pad detector disks (slow readout) V0 1.7 < |  < 3.8 and –5.1 < |  | < -2.5 Interaction trigger, centrality trigger and beam- gas rejection. Two arrays of 72 scintillator tiles readout via fibers T0 L PMD pre-shower det.

3. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk3 Integration in ALICE Si-1 Si-2 Si-3 V0-R T0-R

4. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk4 FWD detectors

5. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk5 CERN Maquette 1:1 Si1 (inner)Si1(outer) V0-R T0-R Absorber ITS-pixels

6. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk6 Si-FMD Overall Geometry o-5.1<  <-1.7 o 3.4 <  < 1.7 Si3 Si2 Si1

7. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk7 Si rings manufactured of 6” wafers 256 Inner: Rin=4.2 cm Rout=17.2 cm Outer: Rin=15.4 cm Rout=28.4 cm 10x2x256=5120 20x2x128=5120 128

8. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk8 Coverage in pseudorapidity Constraints: Vacuum tube outer envelope: 42 mm, Outer radius, ITS, Absorber, cables Background from secondaries(small angles) Design criteria: Largest possible  coverage Largest symmetry left and right Overlap between systems Si1: Out: 1.70<  <2.29 In: 2.01<  <3.40 Si2: Out: -2.29<  <-1.7 In: -3.68<  <-2.28 Si3: In: -5.09<  <-3.68 Vertex shift (10cm): |d  |  0.1 

9. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk9 Charged particle occupancy including secondaries 20  sectors 256 strips each 5120 channels 20  sectors 256 strips each 5120 channels 40  sectors 128 strips each 5120 channels May increase number of strips by factor of 2 or 3 using ’128 ch VA-prime’ PA chip at same cost !

10. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk10 Multiplicity resolution

11. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk11 Hybrid with Viking PA chips VA preamp+shaper: 128 ch Connector(s) for power, control, read-out Other components Hybrid cards contain:  FE–Preampl. chips  Bias voltages distribution  Gate/strobe distribution  Read-out clock distribution  Detector bias connection Si detector

12. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk12 Front end electronics REQUIREMENTS: Adapted for 5-25pF capacitance (300  m Si, 0.5 cm2: 25pF, 1MIP: 22.400 e-) Dynamic range: 0-20 MIPS Radiation hardness: >200kRad Peaking time: 1-2  s Low noise (good S/N) High integration Sample/hold and serial read- out, 10 MHz clock Moderate power consumption Simple slow controls and power reg. Affordable cost VA1 prime 2 (Viking-IDEAS): Input capacitance: < 30 pF 0-20 MIPs >1MRad (0.35  m tech.) 1-3  s 475 e- at 25 pF => S/N 20:1 128 10 Mhz clock 1.3 mW/ch Test system available OK

13. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk13 FMD RO strategy FMD Segment ON DETECTOR Digital serial links (15-20 m) Digital serial links (15-20 m) Trigger & Slow Ctrl IN CAVERN IN COUNTING ROOM Slow control & Trigger Slow control & Trigger Detector Data Link (50-60 m) Detector Data Link (50-60 m) FMD RCU VA 1 ring: 10/20 segments 2 Digitizers 1 RCU per side 1 DDL per side Full FMD: 70 segments 10 Digitizers 2 RCU’s 2 DDL’s FMD Read-Out and Control Electronics Analog serial link (10 MHz)  0.5 m Analog serial link (10 MHz)  0.5 m VA read-out control VA read-out control Local Controller DDL - INT Slow-Control Interface TTC-RX BOARD CTRL Data receiver FMD Digitizer ALTRO CTRL Read-out CTRL CTRL BSN, 21 Nov 2002

14. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk14 FMD FEE test setup BSN, 21 Nov 2002 FMD FEE test CTRL Power Biases Power Biases Clock 10 MHz Clock 10 MHz Trig in ALTRO tester ALTRO CTRL Ext clock Ext trigger Si detector VA Labview DAQ

15. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk15 Si-FMD timetable (1) AFRONT END (FE) READ OUT ELECTRONICSCompleted 1Demonstrate functionality of conceptual layout of FEE (Viking PA chip, control system, interface to ALTRO test board) April 1 2003 2Final choice of VA pre-ampl. chip. RO testJune 1, 2003 3Test FEE system coupled to sample Si detector. Source and electron beam tests. June 1, 2003 4Design, construction and test of prototype FMD digitizer card (FMDD), RO test with ’mini’ FMD-RCU October 1, 2003 5Full Si detector element + electronics chain RO with realistic RCU and DDL link to DAQ. June 1, 2004 BMECHANICS AND INTEGRATIONCompleted 1Full scale model manufactured (Si1)February 1, 2003 2Cabling and Cooling issues resolvedApril 1, 2003 3Full integration sequence decidedJune 1, 2003

16. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk16 Si-FMD timetable (2) C.SILICON DETECTORCompleted by 1Complete market surveyFebruary 1, 2003 2Define final specsMarch 1, 2003 3Place order for prototype with industryApril 1, 2003 4Delivery Si-wafer prototypeJune 1, 2003 5Start production of Si-hybrid FEE cardJune 1, 2003 6Delivery prototype hybridAugust 1, 2003 7Si prototype test with FEE and BEE test RO setupDecember 1, 2003 8Place final order for Si with industryApril1, 2004

17. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk17 V0 detector  Two segmented scintillator hodoscopes on either side of IP Minimum bias trigger: p-p and Pb-Pb Main on-line LVL0 centrality trigger: Pb-Pb Background filter for the dimuon spectrometer Two arm for beam-gas rejection Luminosity control Multiplicity measurement (high occupancy) V0-R Absorber

18. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk18 V0 Segmentation  V0-L and V0-R: 5 rings each  Rings 1-4: 30° sectors (12)  Ring 5: 15° sectors (24)  Rings 1-3 are in the dimuon arm acceptance Ring V0LV0R η max /η min  max /  min η max /η min  max /  min 1-5.1/-4.6 -0.7/- 1.2 3.8/3.42.6/3.8 2-4.6/4.2 -1.2/- 1.7 3.4/2.93.8/6.3 3-4.2/-3.7 -1.7/- 2.8 2.9/2.56.3/9.4 4-3.7/-3.2 -2.8/- 4.7 2.5/2.19.4/14.0 5-3.2/-2.8 -4.7/- 7.0 2.1/1.714.0/20.7

19. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk19 V0 Ligth collection test For 1 MIP:  Setup A: light yield: 12 p.e. ; time resolution (  ): 1.6 ns  Setup B Light yield: 33 p.e.; time resolution(  ): 1.2 ns

20. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk20 V0 Triggering  LVL 0 triggering with fast electronics (25 ns)  Dynamic range: 1- 300 MIP’s  1 MIP efficiency > 97%  Three trigger signals to the CTP corresponding to 3 sum energy levels: Low:MB for pp and Pb-Pb (low) High: central and Medium: semi-central Pb- Pb Simulations: AliRoot w/ PYTHIA 6.15 in pp at 7 TeV L and R single efficiencies: 85% L*R : 79% Eff. of Inelastic component: 100% HIJING in Pb-Pb at 5.5 ATeV (to be explored)

21. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk21 V0 Timetable  Construction in 2004/2005 V0L by Mexico V0R by Lyon Electronics by Lyon  Final system Commissionning → middle 2005  Ongoing work Light optimization → geometry of the counter/fiber elements with beam tests -> end 2002 (OK) Electronics specification ongoing, PM test and choice in Lyon Tests of full quadrant w. Beam -> end 2003 (delayed from october 2002)

22. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk22 T0 Beam-Beam counter oPrecise event timing (  =50ps) oStart detector for ALICE- TOF oMain LVL0 event trigger oPre-trigger for TRD oRough on-line vertex determination <1.5 cm oBeam-gas suppression oOutput Signals: oT0 = (t r +t l )/2+t d oT0v = t r -t l oT0-L, T0-R, Coinc oTime and energies o3 levels of sum energy (low, medium, high)

23. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk23 T0 Full scale model

24. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk24 T0 elements and beam test oPM tubes: fine mesh oHamamatsu R3432-01 (26 mm Ø) or FEU-187 (30 mm Ø) o30 mm thick radiator (Lucite) oTime resolution with broad 1.28GeV/c pion beam measured to 55ps. oSet threshold at 200 photons o(1 MIP gives 600 Photons) Photons in T0-R Photons in T0-L

25. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk25 T0 efficiency oALIROOT and Pythia simulations for MB p+p o200 photon threshold applied oCoinc. eff (L*R) = 83% oLeft array:  =71 and 87 % oRight array:  =78 and 94 % T0-R * T0-L T0-RT0-L 94% 87% 83%

26. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk26 T0 timetable oR&D of Cerenkov detector units -HV divider – 2 prototypes ready, 3 rd under const. (OK) -Quartz radiators – waiting for final dimensions (no concern) oR&D of fast electronics unit -R&D trigger generation unit (CAMAC prototype ready) -prototype I of CFD (failed, high cross-talk but problem solved) -prototype II of CFD (ready, very good test results) -prototype III of CFD (ready, very good test results) -prototype IV of CFD (DTD) (theo.stud.) -time meaner (2 options) (1 prototype ready) Responsibilities: Jyvæskylæ, MEPhI, INR, Budker, Kurchatov. R&D: laser calibration system Market survey and purchase (manufacturer located but the purchase is delayed to assure the best configuration) Development of the calibration system (still in study) R&D: DAQ and trigger electronics Collaboration with TOF to guarantee the required performance (TOF is only sub-detector requiring high-precision off-line T0) Athens has expressed the wish to join. Funding situation should be clear within a few months. Mechanical construction 1:1 prototype – ready TDR – progressing as planned

27. ALICE Si-FMD,T0,V0 25/11 2002Jens Jørgen Gaardhøje, NBI, gardhoje@nbi.dk27 Summary oFWD detectors baseline defined oPhysics role defined oFWD detectors will supply basic day 1 physics (LVL0 trigger, global reaction information) oMain detector parameters specified oConcrete prototyping and industrial bids started oProjects on track oAim at TDR by mid-2002 oMain open issues: integration and installation procedures, materials budget (bgd), cooling, Back End Electronics and DAQ integration, analysis software Si-FMD T0 V0