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4. SOIL : Soil is a natural body consisting of many layers. These layers are known as soil horizon. It is composed of rocks broken by weathering and erosion. It is a mixture of mineral and organic constituents i.e., solids, water and air. Soil forms a structure filled with pore spaces. HOME

5. SOIL PROFILE Soil Profile refers to the layers of soil. There are three layers namely horizon A,B and C. HOME

7. Horizon-A Bedrock Horizon-B Horizon-C HOME

8. SOIL PROFILE Horizon-A Horizon-C Bedrock Horizon-B

9. HORIZON A: It is the upper layer of the soil, which is nearer to the surface. It is the top soil. This layer includes organic litter such as fallen leaves and twigs which helps in preventing erosion, holding moisture and in decaying to form a rich soil know as HUMUS. It provides nutrients for the survival of plants. HOME

10. HORIZON B The layer below the topsoil is called B- horizon or the middle layer. The middle layer is less porous than the topsoil, and is, therefore, harder. It contains more minerals as compared to the topsoil, but less quantity of humus. HOME

11. Horizon-C It is not as compact as the two layers above it. This layer is called C-horizon. It has cracks running through it. It is mostly made up of rocks. HOME

12. Bedrock – The bottom-most layer in the soil profile is called bedrock. –This is far more solid in composition than the other layers and is very hard. –It is difficult to dig up this layer even with a spade. HOME

13. THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF SOILS.THEY ARE: SANDY SOIL CLAY SOIL LOAMY SOIL HOME

22. Special properties Type of soil Water absorption level Vegetation types Sandy soilHighCotton Clay soilModerateWheat and gram Loamy soilLowPulses, wheat and gram HOME

24. Loamy soil also contains humus, and is, therefore, considered the best for the growth of plants. The percolation rate is between that of sandy soil and clay soil. these soils have better water retention capacity.

25. Soils rich in clay and organic matter with good water retention capacity are ideal for paddy. Loamy soils, which drain water easily, are suitable for lentils and other pulses. Clay soils are rich in humus and fertile. These soils are very good for wheat.