1. Cognitive \ Behavioural Differential Reinforcement At times it is necessary to utilize both approaches to reinforcement. To establish an adaptive behaviour that has longevity and generalizability, it may be necessary to positively reinforce the adaptive behaviour and attempt to weaken the old maladaptive behaviour.

2. Cognitive \ Behavioural Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behaviour Strengthening a behaviour that is incompatible with the maladaptive behaviour Fair pair A situation where the maladaptive behaviour cannot be engaged in at the same time as the adaptive behaviour Eg. Reinforce cooperative interaction with peers reduces the occurrence of conflictive interactions.

3. Cognitive \ Behavioural Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behaviour You can weaken a maladaptive behaviour by strengthening an adaptive alternative behaviour The adaptive behaviour must compete with the maladaptive behaviour It is possible to engage in both maladaptive and adaptive behaviours at the same time. (Alternative) Eg. Expressing your feelings in words when teased instead of fighting.

4. Cognitive \ Behavioural Strategies for alternative & incompatible reinforcement Use a behaviour that is present in the client’s repertoire already. Use a behaviour that is likely to be maintained by natural consequence. Supported naturally in the environment If the behaviour is not already present in the client use shaping. If maladaptive behaviour is not reduced you may have to use punishment as long as you remember to differentially reward the adaptive behaviour you are shaping

5. Cognitive \ Behavioural Differential Reinforcement of the Omission of Behaviour Reinforcing a client for not engaging in the behaviour Types Momentar y Client does not engage in maladaptive behaviour at the time of observation Whole interval Client does not engage in maladaptive behaviour during a certain time period