1. Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycles – notes and videos

2. SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM CYCLES CARBON CYCLE

3. Carbon is an essential component of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, which make up all organisms

4. CARBON: GOOD OR BAD? How carbon HELPS the planet Element in living things Plants need carbon for photosynthesis Carbon keeps the planet warm and livable Some of the things we use everyday contain carbon Ex.

5. CARBON: GOOD OR BAD? How carbon HURTS the planet Too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere changes the climate Too much carbon dioxide dissolving in the ocean makes it more acidic Chlorofluorocarbons deplete the ozone

6. THE SHORT-TERM CARBON CYCLE 1.CO ₂ in atmosphere converted to carbohydrates during photosynthesis by producers. 2.Consumers eat producers 3.Consumers and producers release CO ₂ into atmosphere.

7. SHORT-TERM CARBON CYCLE

8. LONG-TERM CARBON CYCLE 1. Limestone: Carbon is stored in bones and shells Do not decompose. Over millions of years form limestone deposits (carbon reservoir)

9. LONG-TERM CARBON CYCLE 2. Coal: Carbon in plants and animals is released into soil Over millions of year soil can form deposits of coal or natural gas (fossil fuels)

10. HUMANS AND THE CARBON CYCLE Humans put CO ₂ into the atmosphere by: Burning fossil fuels Burning wood/forest fires Making cement Increased CO ₂ in the atmosphere leads to: Traps heat in our atmosphere and the Earth slowly heats up…global warming.

12. NITROGEN CYCLE Why? - Need nitrogen to build proteins which build new cells Where? – Nitrogen makes up 78% of the atmosphere

13. NITROGEN CYCLE How? – Nitrogen-fixing bacteria: alter atmospheric nitrogen into chemical compounds

14. THE NITROGEN CYCLE Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Live within nodules on roots of plants called legumes (i.e. beans, peas, clover). Produce nitrates. Nitrates are released into the soil. Plants get these nitrates, animals that eat the plants get the nitrates.

17. PHOSPHORUS Is an element Makes up cells of living organisms Example: Forms bones and teeth

18. WHERE IS PHOSPHORUS FOUND? NOT in the atmosphere! Found in rocks - which enters the soil when rocks erode