1. Database Comparisons: Age effects

2. EEG age effects by hemisphere

3. Dominant (“alpha”) rhythm Normal EEG pre-school to Adolescence Occipital rhythm 3-4 Hz activity at 3-4 months of age –responds to stimulation at 5-6 mo. At 6 mo, typically 5-6 Hz At 1 year, 6-7 Hz. Frequency range increases as child ages. Typical 10y old averages about 10 Hz.

4. Dominant frequencies during infancy

5. Othmer clinic data

6. Normal Child has theta rhythm, maximal in posterior sites

7. Normal Adult has 8-12 Hz rhythm, maximal in posterior sites

9. Posterior sites

10. Neurometic Analysis (Comparing someone to a QEEG Database to identify statistical abnormality, commonly > 2 Std deviations, plus or minus) Baseline conditions –Eyes closed –Eyes open –Motor control –Stimulus control Task conditions or challenge conditions –Problem solving –Performance

12. Eyes closed replications support macrostate concept (however…)

13. Correct for state transitions Stabilize state before recording, and include stabilization in database! Look at the data More is better (Some db use 30 s only)

14. Client comparison requires similar recording methodology

15. Criticisms of Neurometrics Color maps are deceptive 1 Too many statistical tests (inflating Type I errors) Some normals appear abnormal to controls Overly sensitive to artifact More removed from the data, the more errors that can creep in –E.g., unreliable discriminant functions Methodology differences between client and database recordings Artifact management differences Normative database not representative 2 Differences in basic parameters (power/magn), coherence calculation Not ready for prime time …if misused!

16. Brain maps can be deceptive ….. Some activation needed at left medial temporal site or right occipitoparietal juncture?

17. But they are convincing, concise, and accessible to laypersons

18. 5 Neurometric databases in common use for Neurotherapy “My kid acting like an astronaut” story

19. Deciphering Neural coding We transform from time to frequency because we believe mental or psychophysiological phenomena are best captured by latter domain

20. Brainwave frequencies and tentative mental correspondences 1 0.5 – 4 Hz DELTASleep 4-7 Hz THETAInward focus, distracted, daydream 8-12 Hz ALPHARelaxed, not actively processing 12-15 Hz SMRRelaxed, external attention (low beta) 15-18 Hz BETA Active external attention 19-35 Hz HIGH High correlation with anxiety, BETAintensity, or lots of muscle tension.

21. Alpha = activation or arousal

22. Activation is inversely proportional to alpha activity incidence To some extent, regardless of topography

23. 10-10 International System of Electrode Placement

24. Preferential site activation depends on the condition Moving joystick ^ Watching movie 

25. Topographic Activation Patterns

26. Laterality differences “Everyone is a left-brainers until films make them integrationalists”

27. Gender differences

28. Cerebral Organization Variation (and obstacles to neurometric assessment) Trait and State variables –TRAIT Gender Handedness Age Education Experience Neurological present/history Bilingual Diagnosis! –STATE Task competence –practice Task strategies Time of Day Drugs Sleep debt

29. Be aware of the plasticity spectrum – people change

30. Inclusion/Exclusion criteria for normals

31. Other factors

33. Jared’s spindles

35. Measurement parameters Relative vs Absolute –Power/magnitude Connectivity or linear dependency –Asymmetry –Coherence, comodulation

36. Synchrony measures between two signals

38. Coherence

40. Coherence Database

41. Comodulation (Functional grouping in dominant frequency activity)

42. Consistency or stationarity of amplitudes between two signals in frequency band

44. MVA or Youthful

45. LORETA Low resolution EEG tomographical array (source imaging of maximal smoothness)

47. Current EEG Applications CLINICAL Epilepsy (1930s) Sleep (1940s) Patient monitoring, anaesthesia Head injury assessment Neurological assessment (AEP, ERP) Neurotherapy Psychiatric assessment

48. Current EEG Applications SCIENTIFIC Attention Workload Circadian rhythms Cognition Learning & Memory Neuroimaging co-registration

49. Future EEG Assessment Subtype clinical conditions Monitor attentional state Lie Detection Parole disposition