2. Morphology and Evolution
Consider how these organisms are related.
2. Working in groups of two or three, arrange the images you were given. Organize them according to evolutionary relationships.

3. Which is most closely related to Alligators?
A. Lizard
B. Bird
C. Bat

4. Which animal is most closely related to whales?
A. Hippo
B. Walrus
C. Shark

5. Which animal is most closely related to the wolverine?
A. Tasmanian Devil
B. Rhino
C. Walrus

6. Which animal is most closely related to rhinos?
A. Walrus
B. Hippo
C. Zebra

7. Which is most closely related to Alligators?
A. Lizard
B. Bird
Proteins, Fossils
C. Bat

8. Hippos are most closely related to whales.
A. Hippo
DNA, Fossils
B. Walrus
C. Shark

9. Walruses are most closely related to wolverines.
A. Tasmanian Devil
B. Rhino
Placental carnivores
C. Walrus

10. Zebras are most closely related to rhinos.
A. Zebra
Odd-toed ungulates
A. Walrus
B. Hippo

11. Arrange the animals listed below on the cladogram.
Alligator
Shark
Hippo
Zebra
Bird
Whale
Tasmanian Devil
Rhino

12. Tasmanian
Devil
Alligator
Shark
Whale
Bird
Hippo
Zebra
Rhino

13. Pikaia Justify your arrangement by placing a synapomorphy at
each of the grey bars. A synapomorphy is a feature that
is not found in animals that branch off prior to the node
(= fork) on the diagram, but which all subsequent animals
share. Use Pikaia as your outgroup (ancestral condition).
Alligator
Shark
Whale
Hippo
Zebra
Rhino
Bird
T. Devil
Pikaia
Even # Toes
Whales and Hippos both
descended from a common
ancestor that had an even
number of hoofed toes.

14. Possible Solutions Pikaia T. Devil Alligator Whale Hippo Zebra Rhino
Shark
Whale
Hippo
Zebra
Rhino
Bird
T. Devil
Pikaia
Even
Toes
Odd
Toes
Shelled eggs
Diapsid skull
Hooves
Live Birth
Fur/Hair
Synapsid skull
Legs
Jaws