1. Chapter 1 People and the Government

2. Section 1 Principles of Government Principles of Government What is Government What is Government What is a State What is a State Essential Features of A State Essential Features of A State What are the Origins of the State What are the Origins of the State What are the purposes of Government What are the purposes of Government

3. A State Comes from Latin Meaning “to stand” Comes from Latin Meaning “to stand” Identifies a political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government with the power to make and enforce laws Identifies a political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government with the power to make and enforce laws

4. Essential Features of a Government Population Population Territory Territory Sovereignty Sovereignty Government Government

5. Origins of a State Evolution Theory Evolution Theory The State is a mere extension of the family The State is a mere extension of the family The early forms of family centered around the head of the family that served as the authority or government The early forms of family centered around the head of the family that served as the authority or government Patriarchal vs. Matriarchal Patriarchal vs. Matriarchal

6. Force Theory As cities began forming and these cities needed protection, Leaders began to emerge who provided the protection from enemies of the civilization As cities began forming and these cities needed protection, Leaders began to emerge who provided the protection from enemies of the civilization

7. Divine Right Theory The Gods have chosen this individual to be the leader of the civilization The Gods have chosen this individual to be the leader of the civilization

8. Social Contract Theory Thomas Hobbes Thomas Hobbes Social Contract between People and the Society that Protects the people Social Contract between People and the Society that Protects the people John Locke John Locke During the Glorious Revolution said that the people who give the power to govern to the authorities have the right to break the contract if they feel that the right to life liberty and property are not being met During the Glorious Revolution said that the people who give the power to govern to the authorities have the right to break the contract if they feel that the right to life liberty and property are not being met

9. Purpose of Government Government derives its authority Two distinct ways Government derives its authority Two distinct ways Legitimacy Legitimacy The willingness of the people to follow the government The willingness of the people to follow the government Coercive Force Coercive Force Police, Judicial, and Military power of the government Police, Judicial, and Military power of the government

10. 1 st Purpose of Government Maintaining Social Order Maintaining Social Order People have not figured out how to live in groups without conflict therefore government is derived to maintain order, Resolving Conflict People have not figured out how to live in groups without conflict therefore government is derived to maintain order, Resolving Conflict

11. 2 nd Purpose Providing Public Services Providing Public Services Transportation Transportation Water Water Electricity Electricity Sewer Systems Sewer Systems

12. 3 rd Purpose Providing National Security Providing National Security Provide security from attack by foreign and domestic aggressors Provide security from attack by foreign and domestic aggressors

13. 4 th Purpose Make Economic decisions Make Economic decisions Scarcity Scarcity Domestic affairs Domestic affairs Foreign Affairs Foreign Affairs Farmers Farmers Tax advantages Tax advantages Inflation and Deflation Inflation and Deflation Development of Natural Resources Development of Natural Resources

14. Section 2 The Formation of Government

15. Government Systems Unitary System Unitary System All powers rests in the hands of the national government (Totalitarianism) All powers rests in the hands of the national government (Totalitarianism) Federal System Federal System Divides the powers up between the national and state governments Divides the powers up between the national and state governments

16. First form of Government Articles of Confederation Articles of Confederation

17. What is a Constitution? Incomplete Guides Incomplete Guides Customs/Traditions/Heritage Customs/Traditions/Heritage A statement of Goals A statement of Goals Preamble Preamble Framework for Government Framework for Government How the government operates and amends itself How the government operates and amends itself Highest Law Highest Law There is no higher law in the land than the constitution There is no higher law in the land than the constitution

18. Section 3 Types of Governments

19. Autocracy Power is in hands of single individual Power is in hands of single individual Inheritance Inheritance Ruthless Ruthless Totalitarian Dictatorship Totalitarian Dictatorship Monarchy Monarchy

20. Oligarchy Small group holds all power Small group holds all power Communist style government Communist style government Suppress all political opposition Suppress all political opposition

21. Democracy Rule by the people Rule by the people Greek Demos- meaning the people Greek Demos- meaning the people Government “of the people, by the people, and for the people” Government “of the people, by the people, and for the people” Direct Democracy Direct Democracy Representative Democracy Representative Democracy

22. Characteristics of a Democracy Individual Liberty Individual Liberty Majority rule / Minority Rights Majority rule / Minority Rights Free Elections Free Elections Competing Political Parties Competing Political Parties