1. التصنيف العام للفيروسات Classification Lowff 1962 Bacteria, Plant, Animal Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species International committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ICTV مميزات الفيروس نوع الحامض النووي

2. Classification  1. The classical system of classification: DNA+ RNA Symmetry of the capsid Envelope (+) or (-) Virion diameter

3.  Human herpesvirus 8 subfamily: Gammaherpesvirinae DNA-sequence  HCV - Flaviviridae cloned-DNA

4. II- The Baltimore classification: “ Central Dogma” DNA mRNA Protein I. (+&-) DNA (+) mRNA II. (+) DNA (+&-) DNA III (+&-) RNA (+) mRNA IV (+) RNA (-) RNA V (-) RNA (+) mRNA VI (+) RNA (-) DNA

5. تصنيف بالتيمور Baltimore classification DNA mRNAProtein (+) strand RNA mRNA DNA mRNA + -

6. ATG GGGCCC, DNA,RNA TACCCC GGG,, DNA,RNA AUGGGGCCCmRNA UACCCCGGGmRNA + + - -

7. ATG GGG CCC GGG (+), (-), DNA, RNA TAC CCC GGG CCC (+), (-), DNA, RNA AUG GGG CCC GGG mRNA OR UAC CCC GGG CCC mRNA

8. ATG GGG CCC GGG (+), DNA TAC CCC GGG CCC (-), DNA AUG GGG CCC GGG mRNA

9. ATG GGG CCC GGG (-), DNA TAC CCC GGG CCC (+), DNA UAC CCC GGG CCC mRNA

10. II- The Baltimore classification: “Central Dogma” DNA mRNA Protein I. (+&-) DNA (+) mRNA II. (+) DNA (+&-) DNA III (+&-) RNA (+) mRNA IV (+) RNA (-) RNA V (-) RNA (+) mRNA VI (+) RNA (-) DNA

11. تصنيف وتسمية الفيروسات Taxonomy and Nomenclature of viruses Family/ عوائل NA, Size, Shape, structure, Type replication Genera / Species Antigenicity Base sequence homology (Protein or NA)

12. ICTV Order – Family – Subfamily – Genus – Strain / Type Suffix: Order: Virales Family: Viridae SubFamily: Virinae Genus: Virus Species: I.V.

13. مثال Example : Poxviridae Herpesviridae Picornaviridae Paramyxoviridae Mononegavirales - Order Paramyxoviridae - Family Paramyxovirinae - Subfamily Morbillivirus - Genus Measles virus - Species

14.  ICTV > 4000 Viruses Plant, Bacteria, Animal, Human …….ect 71 Family عائلة 71 Family عائلة 9 Subfamily تحت عائلة 9 Subfamily تحت عائلة 164 Genera جنس 164 Genera جنس 300 Viruses - human 50 Syndrome

15. زراعة الفيروسات Cultivation of viruses 1.Tissue culture المزارع الخلوية 2. Chick embryo أجنة الدجاج 3. Lab animal حيوان تجارب Pathogenesis and oncogensis

16. أنواع المزارع الخلوية Type of cell culture John Enders -1949 Noble prize / physiology 1954 PoliovirusT.C. T.C.New virus Vaccines Poliomyelitis, measles, Rubella

17. المزارع الخلوية الأولية Primary Cell Culture انقسامات 10 - 5 خلايا / القر و د ، الإنسان ، الفئران …… الخ * Vaccine Poliomyelitis شلل الأطفال Primary monekey kidney cells Live attenuated poliovirus vaccine * Not oncogenic DNA

18. - 100 إنقسام Vaccine: WI-38 Rabies - Inactivated vaccine المزارع الثانوية Secondary Cell Culture Diploid cell strain خلايا شبه مستمرة Semi continuous cells

19. المزارع الخلوية - المستمرة Continuous Cell line Immortal line Cells Rx - tumor virus - carcinogenic Reagent Aneuploid ex -Hep-2, Hela cells- Human - Vero cells- monkey - L and 3T3 cells - Mice - BHK cells - Hamster Tumor tissue

20. الخلايا اللمفاوية Lymphocytes culture B- lymphocytes EBV T: Transformation, immortalization T- lymphocytesIL-2 المزارع المعلقة Suspension culture - Large number of cells X-ray crystallography T

21. أجنة البيض Embryonated eggs 5-14 / يوم Vaccine Iafluenza Virus Measles حيوانات التجارب Laboratory animals -mutation تطفر Poliovirus oral- route Needed For: HCV- chimpanzee Norwalk virus Human Gastrointritis