2. 《高级英语》 精品课程 第一册 绍兴文理学院元培学院

3. Lesson Two Hiroshima – the “Liveliest” City in Japan

4. Teaching Objectives 1)To acquaint students with the historical facts of the atomic bombardment in Hiroshima and its impact upon people’s lives. 2)To acquaint students with Japanese customs revealed in the text. 3)To enable students to appreciate rhetorical devices and writer’s attitude. 4)To help students paraphrase and translate language structures about feelings and movements.

6. More pictures At the time this photo was made, smoke billowed 20,000 feet above Hiroshima Aerial photograph from the 80 kilometers away of the Inland Sea, taken about 1 hour after the dropping. The huge atomic cloud, 6 August, 1945

7. The Atomic Bomb Dome Hiroshima Peace Memorial, a remnant of the city at ground zero of its nuclear bombardment

8. Choice of Target --Hiroshima Some military camps were located nearby such as the headquarters of the Fifth Division and Field Marshal Hata's 2nd General Army Headquarters, which commanded the defense of all of southern Japan. Hiroshima was a major supply and logistics base for the Japanese military. The city was a communications center, a storage point, and an assembly area for troops. It was chosen as a target because it had not suffered damage from previous bombing raids, allowing an ideal environment to measure the damage caused by the atomic bomb. Experiment

9. Impact of an Atomic Bomb Explosion The devastation of Hiroshima and Nagasaki resulted from three main types of effects: blast, thermal radiation, and nuclear radiation. Of these, only the blast effect is significant for chemical high explosives. The blast effect of an atomic bomb is similar to that of a conventional explosive but much more intense and far-reaching. Thermal radiation, which results from the extremely high temperatures created by an atomic explosion, causes serious burns on exposed parts of the body and may ignite fires over a wide radius. Nuclear radiation, which results from the neutrons and gamma rays associated with fission, causes death and injury as a result of damage to living tissue.

10. The damage destroying almost everything within a radius of 6,000 to 8,000 feet (1.830-2,450 meters). Altogether an area of 13 sq. km. was reduced to ashes and of the 76,000 buildings in the city 62.9% were destroyed and only 8% escaped damage (among them were earthquake-resistant buildings). Over 71,000 people were killed instantly. Many more later died of injuries and the effects of radiation. Survivors are still dying of leukemia ( 白血病 ), pernicious anemia ( 恶性贫血症 ), etc. The radiation generated by the bomb caused long-term problems to those affected. Many people died within the first few months and many more in subsequent years because of radiation exposure. Some people had genetic problems which sometimes resulted in having malformed babies or being unable to have children. It is believed that more than 140,000 people died by the end of the year. The total number of people who have died due to the bomb is estimated to be 200,000.

11. A girl with her skin hanging in strips-- Lunch Box-- The Atomic Shadow--The shadows of the parapets were imprinted on the road surface of the Yorozuyo Bridge-- The leaves of this japonica threw a shadow on an electric pole near— Bottles--

13. a startling light burning heat Ladders, railways and even people left their outlines on stones. Anyone in the open air was either vaporized or turned to carbon in an instant. body thrown around like a ball The blast scooped my body up. vanish in a fraction of a second ordeal a vision of hell streets full of corpses the city shrouded with dust the city of death chaos and confusion

14. When we were playing in the school ground, an airplane came, but we kept on playing, only saying "Why did they give the all-clear?" All of a sudden, there was something like lightening and I covered my face with my hands. When I opened my eyes and looked around, it was dark and I couldn't see anything. While I was feeling around in the darkness, it became light. I was thinking of going home, and I found that all the houses around me had been destroyed and fires were burning here and there. I started running home, crying and calling, "Mother! Mother!" But I couldn't tell where my house had been. I just went around this way and that, and then I heard my sister calling my name. I was shocked when I saw her, because she was stained with blood all over. I looked at myself; the skin of both my arms and feet had peeled away and was hanging off. I didn't know what all this meant, and I was frightened, so I burst into tears. Meanwhile, Mother had crawled out from the pile of tiles and dragged an overcoat and Father's cloak out of a trunk and wrapped us in them. We spent the night in Yasu Shrine in Gion. Because of their burns, everyone was crying for water all night. The next morning, we were taken by truck to a Buddhist temple in Kabe. That night, my sister died. How can I describe Mother‘s grief? How can I describe the horrible scenes I saw in the temple then? Who can imagine the miseries we went through except those who were there themselves? It is entirely beyond my power to put the terrible sight into words. Countless people suffering from burns and wounds, groaning with pain, their bodies covered with maggots （蛆 ）, and dying in delirium, one after another. It was hell on earth. An account by Masatada Asaeda-- 3rd Grade Student in 1945

15. General Comprehension What type of writing is the text? Narrative writing How many sections is the text divided? Section 1 -- Arrival at Hiroshima (para 1-7) Section 2 – Dinner with the mayor (para 8-27) Section 3 – Interview with the patient (para 28-39) What is the theme, tone, and point of view of the text? --the terrible effect of nuclear weapons upon people and their lives. A protest to nuclear weapons is voiced --the tone (meaning the way the author feels or thinks about the subject of the story): bitter, upset, sad, ironic --point of view: first person participant

16. Section One – Arrival at Hiroshima A. Discussion Questions 1.What do you know about the author? ( His nationality ; occupation; aim of the visit) 2.How did the writer feel at the arrival? 3. What have you learned about facts about Hiroshima and people there from this section?

17. 1.What do you know about the author? An American A reporter who had taken many reportorial assignments. To prove/ find out whether Hiroshima is the liveliest city in the world. 2.How did the writer feel at the arrival? bitter, sad; guilty, depressed I had a lump in my throat—I was choked with emotion; I was so overcome with emotion that I could not speak or think clearly. (a feeling of pressure caused by repressed emotion) had a lot of sad thoughts on my mind – I was occupied with some sad thoughts. The very act of stepping on this soil, in breathing this air…: The fact that I was in Hiroshima was in itself a much more exciting experience for me than any trip I had taken or any reporting work I had done in the past. Was I not at the scene of the crime?--- the dropping of the A-bomb on Hiroshima (rhetorical question)

18. 3. What have you learned about facts about Hiroshima and people there from this section? Advanced in technology (rapid development after WWII) the fastest train – magnetic train (517m/hr) an obvious conflict between western influences and the traditional customs. They exist side by side. teenagers and women—in western dress, miniskirt (fashionable groups) little girls and elder ladies – in kimonos (kids and old ones keep the tradition) narrow streets, traditional houses on boats tall buildings, beige concrete skyscrapers constant bowing to each other tourism atmosphere the cab-driver’s behavior towards travelers knowing little of the way, avoid losing face,

19. 传统遇上潮流

20. 鞠躬文化 一个年轻女子向要离开的同事献上一大束花，为 此，后者 鞠了四次躬。接着，他的一位朋友领着 大家大喊了三声，我猜那类似于我们的 “ 欢呼三次 （ｔｈｒｅｅ ｃｈｅｅｒｓ） ” 。这之后，他走向 围成半圆形的同事们，与最左边的那个年轻人握 手，相互鞠躬。从他们鞠躬的方式可以推测出他 们的关系。第一个人比他还年轻，鞠躬时头低得 更深。第二个也是这样。第三个鞠躬跟他一样深， 他们在公司的地位也应该一样。从第四个到最后 一个只是浅浅地低了下头，表明他们是他的前辈； 他的鞠躬则是尽可能地深 ── 再深一点，他的头就 要消失在他的肚脐眼里了。

21. 现在他登上了火车。车门开着，他又鞠了 几个躬。不知什么原因，火车该走不走。 每个人都耐心地等着。车门关上后，他隔 着玻璃还鞠了四个躬。站台上的同事们则 又是挥手，又是鼓掌。最后，火车总算开 走了，仪式也总算结束了。

22. A. Language points Slip to a stop –come to stop slowly and effectively …on my mind — worried about 惦记, 忧虑 e.g. My mother must have something important on her mind. I know it from that look on her face. 我母亲心里一定在惦记什么重要事情. 我从她脸上的表情可以看 出来. I’ve had my father’s illness on my mind all day. 我整天都为父亲的病情担忧. Have something in mind: remember; think of / plan to do e.g. Have you anyone in mind for the job? 对于这项工作, 你心中有什么人选 ? What do you have in mind to do with him? 对于他, 你打算怎么办 ? Was I not at the scene of the crime? (rhetorical question) Be oblivious of …to be unaware of

23. pop e.g. One of balloons popped. Champagne corks were popping throughout the celebrations. (burst (open) with a short, sharp, slightly explosive sound (onomatopoeia) The magician had real rabbits popping out of his hat. You solve one problem and another would immediately pop up (appear unexpectedly) My eyes popped at the sight at the variety of food on display. (look surprised) I popped the magazine into the bag when my father came in. (put sth quickly)

24. grin: smile broadly, esp. in a unrestrained manner and with mouth open, showing teeth The boy grinned from ear to ear when I gave him the apple. sneer chuckle giggle

25. martyr: 1. One who chooses to suffer death rather than renounce religious principles. 殉道者，殉教者，烈士 ( 指宁愿选择去死也不愿放弃其宗教信条 的人 ) 2. One who makes great sacrifices or suffers much in order to further a belief, cause, or principle. 为坚持信仰（事业、信条）而作出巨大牺牲或承受巨大痛苦的受 难者 3. One who inflicts great pain / torment, who endures great suffering: 长期受痛苦折磨的人

26. a missionary martyr 殉教者 a revolutionary martyr 革命烈士 a martyr to duty 殉职者 a martyr to love 殉情者 a martyr to continuous headaches/ arthritis / hepatitis 一个不断受到头痛 / 关节炎 / 肝炎折磨的人

27. barge

28. The use and function of ‘littles’ in this section: little girls / little bows / little red telephones/know little of their city/ sketch a little map/ little old Japan/ little floating house (para 8) ( 大日本帝国 — 小日本 ) chauvinism( 沙文主义 )—a strong, unreasonable belief that your own country is more important and morally better than other people’s. chauvinistic the use and function of seven ‘littles’ in this section: 大男人, 大丈夫, 大小伙子, 小女人, 小媳妇, 小丫头,

29. Section two –Dinner with the mayor General Questions What did the writer expect to hear at the dinner? How did he feel? What have you learned about Hiroshima, its people and Japanese customs from this section? The writer was ironical and humorous. Find words and expressions that show them. Find all the expressions the author has used to address the bombardment so far.

30. 1) What did the writer expect to hear at the dinner? How did he feel? (The writer expected to hear some talks about how people in Hiroshima were affected by the atomic bombardment. The misery, etc.) the strange emotion which had overwhelmed me… returned I was again crushed by the thought that I now stood at the site of the first atomic bombardment, where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain, where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony as inhibited as I was… the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated The company more and more agitated jolting me out of my sad reverie reverie—dreamy thinking, esp. of agreeable things; the state of being absorbed in dreamlike contemplation; daydreaming

31. 2.What have you learned about Hiroshima, its people and Japanese customs from this section? a stunning, porcelain- faced woman traditional white make-up, looks like porcelain a stunning person or thing is extremely beautiful or impressive. tatami matting, walking in socks

32. Two schools of thought in Hiroshima about the bombardment –to preserve traces of the bomb –to get rid of everything, to demolish the atomic museum. Do not forget to say that it is the gayest city in Japan, even if many hear hidden wounds and burns. Ask for students’ opinions

33. 3. The writer was ironical and humorous. Find words and expressions that show them. Treading cautiously on the tatami (I was not accustomed to walking in my socks so I walked carefully, fearing that something unpleasant or dangerous might happen) Experiencing a twinge of embarrassment…at the prospect of meeting the mayor in my socks After three days in Japan, the spinal column becomes extraordinary flexible The anti-climax—humor or surprise (para17)

34. 4. Find all the words the author has used to address the bombardment. Was I not at the scene of the crime? (pp1) The misery of the humanity’s heinous crime?(pp19) The impact of the atomic cataclysm

35. Language point 1.Words and expressions …lingered on to die in slow agony ( transferred epithet) agony—great pain or suffering of mind or body 极度的痛苦 linger—be late or slow in going away. e.g. He loved the place so much that he lingered about after everyone else had left. The custom of …. Lingers on (is still observed but is now very weak) The memory lingered on for years. A lingering fear of swimming after the accident to inhibit—to prevent something or slow it down, or to prevent someone from doing sth. e.g. The high price inhibits people from buying big houses. Government officials are inhibited from running business. (sb) feels inhibited—if you say someone feels inhibited, you mean they find it difficult to behave naturally and you think it is a bad thing.

36. agitated –feel worried and upset, and show this in the behavior, movements, or voice e.g. Susan seemed agitated about something. The man in the house was in a very excited and agitated state. Agitation, agitate. e.g. The thought agitates her. Dan lit a cigarette, trying to mask her agitation I was about to make my little bow of assent, when the meaning of these words sank in, jolting me out of my sad

37. Section Three – Interview with the patient General Questions 1) What happened to the old man? How did he face it? What do you feel about the old man’s words? 2) What have you learned about Hiroshima, its people and Japanese customs from this section? 3) Was the writer ironical and humorous in this section? Was his tone different from that of the first section? Why? 4) What questions do you think the reporter had wanted to ask beforehand? What answers did he get from people’s eyes?

38. 1)What happened to the old man? How did he face it? --a fisherman by trade. --was in Hiroshima when the bomb was dropped. --had no burns on his face or body (no injuries on the outside) --his hair began to fall out, his belly turned to water, felt sick --has been in hospital for more than 20 years --he gazed at the writer..with interest. --has been making little lucky birds, congratulating himself.

39. 2) What have you learned about Hiroshima, its people and Japanese customs from this section? it seems that the atomic bomb victims do not get sympathy from people but prejudice. The affected people commit suicide It is humiliating to survive… Encounter prejudice People are afraid of genetic damage from the radiation Making lucky birds

40. 3) Was the writer ironical and humorous in this section? Was his tone different from that of the first section? Why? The tone changed into an objective one: telling what he heard and saw. Not ironical and humorous, but sympathetic and sad. He got the truth although people have tried to mask all the time.

41. Language point Survive/ survival/survivor e.g (sb.) survive in dangerous situations or illnesses…an earthquake/ a fire/ the bombardment/ heart attacks. (sb) survive in difficult circumstances. He managed to survive on 100 yuan a month. People are struggling to survive without jobs. (sb) survive someone else—continue to live after he is dead. Most women will survive their spouses. (sth) survive –exist although there is a risk of it being destroyed or abolished. When the market economy is introduced, many factories will not survive. The chances of a small stall surviving the heated competition always look terribly slim.