1. How are your data being used? Theresa Crimmins Partnerships & Outreach Coordinator, USA-NPN

2. Who uses phenology data and how do they use it?

4. How are managers and decision makers using phenology data?

5. Tracking leaf fall to improve water quality www.usanpn.org/mnpn

6. Tracking leaf fall to improve water quality www.usanpn.org/mnpn

7. Tracking leaf fall to improve water quality www.usanpn.org/mnpnBuyarski et al., 2014

8. www.usanpn.org/pubs/reports

9. www.usanpn.org/mnpn Buffelgrass: Get it while it’s green! Tucson Buffelgrass Network

10. Buffelgrass: Get it while it’s green! Tucson Buffelgrass Network

11. Buffelgrass: Get it while it’s green! Tucson Buffelgrass Network

12. Buffelgrass: Get it while it’s green! Tucson Buffelgrass Network When is the best time to spray herbicide? How can we use this information most efficiently?

13. Buffelgrass: Get it while it’s green! Tucson Buffelgrass Network

14. Buffelgrass: Get it while it’s green! Source: C. Wallace, 2014 (www.usanpn.org/nn/TucsonBuffelgrass)

15. www.usanpn.org/mnpn

16. www.usanpn.org/popclock Assessing forest vulnerability to climate change

17. www.usanpn.org/popclock

19. r 2 =0.35 r 2 =0.18 r 2 =0.02 r 2 =0.59

20. www.usanpn.org/fws/vdo Phenology is changing rapidly This affects species distributions, abundance, interactions, and more Monitoring will inform adaptive refuge management

21. www.usanpn.org/fws

22. Valle de Oro National Wildlife Refuge www.usanpn.org/fws/vdo

23. Valle de Oro NWR Time restoration activities to: www.usanpn.org/fws/vdo 1.avoid seed dispersal of elm 2.maximize dispersal of cottonwood

24. Photos: Erin Posthumus, Jacopo Werther, Wikimedia Commons Mar 1 Mar 15 Apr 1 Apr 15

25. Recent research in spring phenology

27. What makes plants put on leaves in the spring? Day of year Accumulated heat (eg, Growing degree days) Jan 1 Mar 1

28. What makes plants put on leaves in the spring? Day of year Accumulated heat (eg, Growing degree days) Species x Jan 1 Mar 1

29. What makes plants put on leaves in the spring? Day of year Accumulated heat (eg, Growing degree days) Species y Jan 1 Mar 1

31. Does it matter whether the warmth happens during the day or night? Piao et al., Nature Climate Change https://www.climatecommunication.org/new/features/heat-waves-and-climate-change/heat-waves-the-details/

32. Findings: Leaf unfolding triggered more by daytime temps than nighttime temps Piao et al., Nature Climate Change

33. Importance: Can improve predictions of leaf- out Piao et al., Nature Climate Change

34. How can we determine the heat requirement for leaf-out for a particular species? Day of year Accumulated heat (eg, Growing degree days) Jan 1 Mar 1 ?

35. How are your observations used?

36. Fu et al., Global Change Biology

37. What about chill requirements? Fu et al., Global Change Biology

38. What about chill requirements? Fu et al., Global Change Biology It matters! Over period 1980-2013: Temps increased ~1.4ºC Heat requirement increased 50%

39. What about chill requirements? Fu et al., Global Change Biology It matters! Warmer winters could delay leaf-out in the spring

40. Fu et al., Global Change Biology

42. Springcasting…

43. Springcasting

45. “Start of Spring” Indicator

46. Summary statistics

49. Nature’s Notebook reporting data Source: new USA-NPN data visualization tool

50. Nature’s Notebook reporting data

51. Learn more! Visualization tool webinar Jul 14 2pm Eastern (1 Cen, 12 Mtn, 11 Pac) Register: www.usanpn.org/nn/webinars

52. Thank you! theresa@usanpn.org @TheresaCrimmins