1. Exam #4 W 4/23 in class (bring cheat sheet) Review T 4/22 at 5pm in PAI 3.02

2. Ecology: We are all connected and interdependent

3. CB 52.12 Carrying Capacity exponential growth stationary phase

5. Wolves in Yellowstone National Park

6. Yellowstone National Park

7. The last wolves in Yellowstone (1920’s)

8. Wolves commonly live in packs

9. SocialvsSolo Packs can kill larger prey

10. Packs give protection and ability to get more food, but also mean sharing food, reduced chance of reproduction, and increased chance of diseases.

11. Wolves are very territorial and will kill intruders

12. Wolves were re-introduced to Yellowstone in 1995

13. Wolf relocation

14. “hard” release: directly to new location In Yellowstone used“soft” release: Kept in 1 acre pens to acclimate to new environment

15. Wolves were re-introduced to Yellowstone in 1995

16. http://www.forwolves.org/ralph/historical.html Yellowstone area wolf packs 2004

17. Wolf deaths 1995-2005 38 deaths= 33%

18. Currently about 300 wolves 2003- 137 sheep and 66 cattle = $32,000 2004- 209 sheep, 57 cattle, and 6 other animals = $70,000 The cost of wolves in Yellowstone NP:

19. Estimate millions of dollars in increased visitors

20. Predator-predator interactions

22. CB 55.12 Yellowstone Grizzly Bear population increases

23. Wolves are decreasing the elk population

24. Benefits of decreasing herbivore populations

25. Increased Riparian Habitat

26. Fig 2 Increased Riparian Habitat

27. Fig 2 Increased Riparian Habitat

28. Fig 3 Increased Riparian Habitat

29. Fig 5 Are wolves responsible? year 1998 1999 2000 2001

30. Fig 6 Protection vs herbivory gully depth vs browsing

31. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone NP has had numerous positive benefits.

32. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone NP has had numerous positive benefits: More food available for other carnivores

33. Fig 3 The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone NP has had numerous positive benefits: Increased Riparian Habitat

34. Exam #4 W 4/23 in class (bring cheat sheet) Review T 4/22 at 5pm in PAI 3.02