1. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 1 Radiation Safety Study Guide

2. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 2 Radiation What is radiation?

3. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 3 Nonionizing What are 4 types of non- ionizing radiation?

4. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 4 Ionizing What are 2 types of ionizing radiation?

5. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 5 Radiation What is the difference between ionizing and non- ionizing radiation?

6. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 6 Nucleus Electron Orbital path Atomic Structure Define Nucleus: Define Electrons: What are atoms held together by?

7. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 7 Types of Ionizing Radiation What are types of ionizing radiation that are important in healthcare setting?

8. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 8 Sources of Exposure What are the sources of exposure to ionizing radiation?

9. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 9 Sources of Exposure What are some examples of environmental radiation?

10. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 10 Sources of Exposure What are some examples of medical sources?

11. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 11 What are the characteristics of x- rays? X-Ray

12. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 12 State the penetrating needs for steel, and the human body: Rays come from outside the body, but cause damage inside the body. X-Ray

13. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 13 Sources of Exposure

14. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 14 Biological Effects of Radiation What is allowable background exposure per year? What do the effects on body depend on:

15. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 15 Biological Effects of Radiation What do effects from external source depend on? -Penetrating ability Alpha Beta Gamma or x-ray Electron

16. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 16 Biological Effects of Radiation Parent cell Cell division Normal cells

17. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 17 Biological Effects of Radiation Irradiated cell Cell division Cells damaged Parent cell

18. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 18 Biological Effects of Radiation What are the somatic effects of radiation? What are the genetic effects of radiation?

19. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 19 Biological Effects of Radiation List the sensitive cells, from most sensitive to least sensitive:

20. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 20 Biological Effects of Radiation List the sources of health hazard data:

21. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 21 Units of Measurement What are the units of measure associated with radiology?

22. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 22 Roentgen (R) Exposure to x-rays and gamma rays in air is expressed in:

23. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 23 Roentgen Adsorbed Dose Describe RAD:

24. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 24 Roentgen Equivalent Man Describe REM:

25. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 25 Units of Measurement List the what the effect of ionizing radiation is determined by:

26. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 26 Standards and Guides Why is there a difference between occupational limits and public health limits? Occupational limits Public health limits Dose limits

27. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 27 Standards and Guides What is the permissible dose for the whole body, per quarter? What is the permissible dose for hands, forearms, and feet, per quarter? What in the permissible dose for the skin of whole body per quarter?

28. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 28 Standards and Guides What should be posted in a radiation area? What should be posted in a high radiation area? What areas are to be labeled? Posting Requirements

29. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 29 Standards and Guides What is the Universal symbol?

30. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 30 Monitoring Instruments What are the 3 monitoring instruments?

31. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 31 Monitoring Instruments List 3 things that personal monitoring might include:

32. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 32 Basic Safety Factors What 3 things aid in keeping exposures As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA)?

33. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 33 Basic Safety Factors How does time affect ALARA?

34. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 34 Basic Safety Factors  Distance:  Inverse square law: by doubling the distance from a source, the exposure is decreased by a factor of 4. I 1 R 1 2 = I 2 R 2 2

35. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 35 Basic Safety Factors I 1 R 1 2 = I 2 R 2 2 Inverse Square Law I 1 = initial intensity R 1 = initial distance R 2 = new distance I 2 = new intensity

36. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 36 Basic Safety Factors Inverse Square Law If a source emits 10 mR/hour at a distance of 1 foot, what is the exposure level at 4 feet away? I 2 = I 1 x (R 1 2 / R 2 2 ) I 2 = 5 mR/hour x ( 1ft 2 / 16 ft 2 ) I 2 = 0.625 mR/hour

37. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 37 Basic Safety Factors How does shielding affect ALARA?

38. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 38 Basic Safety Factors Shielding

39. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 39 Basic Safety Factors Shielding

40. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 40 Nonionizing Radiation What are two forms of non- ionizing radiation?

41. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 41 Biological Effects What types of light do lasers emit?

42. Ferris State University & Michigan Department of Career Development 42 Safety Factors What are made for a specific wavelength of laser light? You should make sure the safety glasses are specifically rated to what?