1. The Renaissance 1485-1660

2. The Church takes a back seat No longer content with the fixed religious beliefs of the Middle Ages, people became more interested in expanding their knowledge of ________, art, ________, and the classic texts of __________ and ___________. The Roman Catholic Church was challenged on a number of fronts and lost its supreme _______ and ____________ power in Europe.

3. Tudor Rule After seizing the throne in 1485, Henry Tudor changed England considerably in the following ways: Ensured peace with foreign powers ________________________ Supported the merchant class and decreased power of the nobles _________________________

4. Henry VIII Most famous for?? His six wives! Divorced, beheaded, died; divorced, beheaded, survived Henry broke from the ____________________ after the Pope refused to annul his marriage from his wife, ______________________________ (she failed to produce a male heir after 24 years) Henry declared himself head of the English Church; this began the _____________________________ His decision to overthrow the Church of England was widely supported, and it gave way to new religious ideas such as those of _______________________.

5. Henry VIII continued… Was known as a true “___________________”; he was a poet, _____________, musician, ______________, and supporter of humanistic learning He died after reigning for ____ years unaware that _____________, the child he ignored because she was female, would become _________________________. Henry helped England spread its __________________, language, and ________________all over the globe.

6. Elizabeth I The most ___________________ in English history After fierce religious feuds (“Bloody Mary”), Elizabeth reestablished the __________________ and refused to accept the pope’s authority; as a result, she was excommunicated from the ____________________________. Known as the _______________________ because she never married; she knew that getting married would place her under a male’s authority Helped England to defeat the Spanish Armada; without that victory, Spain may well have conquered Britain and later North America The defeat of the Armada was an ______________________ Renaissance writers, and _____________ was seen as a ____________symbol of peace, __________, and prosperity. Elizabeth’s court became the center of a literary culture that included many gifted ____________ and _____________.

8. Literature Humanism: _______________ that combined classical _____ and _______ ideals with Christian thought to teach people _________________________________________. Unlike the _____________ in which people focused on the rewards of the after life, renaissance writers focused on __________________, their relationships, and the _________________________________. Humanists believed in the _________________________ and were ________________ about human __________ and ___________. Humanists wanted to ___________others and ___________ the ability of individuals to understand the natural world and to live ______________. An abundance of ___________was produced during this time as well as drama. Think Shakespeare!

9. Two households, both alike in dignity, In fair Verona, where we lay our scene, From ancient grudge break to new mutiny, Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean. From forth the fatal loins of these two foes A pair of star-cross'd lovers take their life; Whose misadventured piteous overthrows Do with their death bury their parents' strife. The fearful passage of their death-mark'd love, And the continuance of their parents' rage, Which, but their children's end, nought could remove, Is now the two hours' traffic of our stage; The which if you with patient ears attend, What here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend. Look familiar?? With a partner, figure out and write down the characteristics of a Shakespearean sonnet.

10. Shakespearean Sonnet structure: iambic pentameter- _____________________________________________________. I know-the way-to go- is o-ver there. _____ quatrains/1 rhyming couplet- _____ lines total rhyme scheme : _____________________ a “_____” or ______ may occur after the _____ quatrain in which the speaker literally shifts his thoughts in a new direction final rhyming couplet may be a summary or an explanation of what came before

11. SCANNING TIME! Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd; But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st; Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. Ummm, so what does it mean? With a partner, write down the theme of the poem. Is there a “turn”? If so, where and how does it turn?

12. More Sonnets! Italian/Petrarchan Sonnet 14 lines, iambic pentameter Petrarchan conceits – _______________________________________________________________________ an octave (__________________________________) a sestet (____________________________________) rhyme scheme: abbaabba cdecde a turn – a change in the situation – usually at the beginning of the sestet Spenserian Sonnet iambic pentameter structure: _____ quatrains / 1 rhyming couplet (like the Shakespearean) rhyme scheme: abab bcbc cdcd ee

13. “Whoso List To Hunt”- Sir Thomas Wyatt- pg. 272 1.As you recall, the octave in a Pertrarchan sonnet presents a problem/situation. What is the speaker’s situation? 2.How is the situation resolved in the sestet?

14. Sonnet 30- Edmund Spenser 1.What is the speaker of the poem trying to understand? 2.Where does the shift/turn take place? Based on this shift, what can you infer about the poet’s message?

15. Relevance?? 1.How are both speakers’ views similar about romantic love? 2. Are the messages within these sonnets still relevant to the way people feel about love today? If so, how? If not, what has changed?

16. Pastoral Poetry A pastoral poem depicts __________ in idealized terms. Handsome _______________ and beautiful ________live in harmony in _____________ in pastoral poetry. ___________ and _____________ images of rural labor are absent from these poems. Antipastoral poetry, on the other hand, ______ the pastoral poem’s idyllic, idealistic descriptions of rural life.

17. “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” and “The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd” (Marlowe and Raleigh) pgs. 278-279 1.What details in “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” enable it to be categorized as pastoral poetry? How does the description of rural life in “The Nymph’s Reply” mock the first poem’s idealistic details? 2. Which speaker makes a more persuasive case, the shepherd or the nymph? Who do you agree with, and why?