1. CLS 2407 War and Society in the Roman World Fall 2011 Tuesdays and Thursdays 10 – 11:20 In A 252

2. Summary 1. Course Mechanics 1. Course Mechanics 2. Introduction to Roman Warfare 2. Introduction to Roman Warfare 3. Periodization 3. Periodization

3. The Instructor Dr. Ilse Mueller Dr. Ilse Mueller Office: H 339 Office: H 339 Tel. 474 3450 X 4423 Tel. 474 3450 X 4423 Email: ilsem@nipissingu.ca Email: ilsem@nipissingu.ca Office Hours: Tue and Thu 12:30-1:30 Office Hours: Tue and Thu 12:30-1:30

4. 1. Southern, Pat, The Roman Army, A Social and Institutional History, Oxford 2007 1. Southern, Pat, The Roman Army, A Social and Institutional History, Oxford 2007 2. J. Rich and G. Shipley, eds., War and Society in the Roman World, Routledge 1995 2. J. Rich and G. Shipley, eds., War and Society in the Roman World, Routledge 1995 3. B. Campbell, The Roman Army, 31 BC – AD 337, A Sourcebook, Routledge 3. B. Campbell, The Roman Army, 31 BC – AD 337, A Sourcebook, Routledge

5. Grade Distribution Mid-term test in class 45 min20% Mid-term test in class 45 min20% Thursday Oct. 27 Thursday Oct. 27 Term project (presentation/essay30% Term project (presentation/essay30% due dates throughout the term due dates throughout the term Final Exam40% Final Exam40% in exam period in exam period Participation/attendance10% Participation/attendance10%

6. Presentations/Essay Students have the choice of giving an oral presentation (including a short written version of about 3 pages) Students have the choice of giving an oral presentation (including a short written version of about 3 pages) Topics and dates will be available for sign- up next Tuesday Topics and dates will be available for sign- up next Tuesday or a formal research essay of about 6 pages. or a formal research essay of about 6 pages.

7. Oral Presentation Students who sign up for an oral presentation will deliver an oral in-class presentation worth 30% of their final mark. Each student will present for no more than 10 minutes on one of the given topics. Sign-up for topics will begin on Tuesday of Week 2. A copy of the presentation must be submitted for approval at the latest by the Tuesday before the presentation is due. Students who sign up for an oral presentation will deliver an oral in-class presentation worth 30% of their final mark. Each student will present for no more than 10 minutes on one of the given topics. Sign-up for topics will begin on Tuesday of Week 2. A copy of the presentation must be submitted for approval at the latest by the Tuesday before the presentation is due. Students will also have to submit a write-up of the presentation which must include scholarly references and a bibliography indicating all primary and secondary sources used in the presentation. Students will also have to submit a write-up of the presentation which must include scholarly references and a bibliography indicating all primary and secondary sources used in the presentation. Details will be provided. Details will be provided.

8. Write-up of Presentation A write-up of the presentation must be handed in at the next class after the presentation. The write-up must be about 3 pages in length, written in complete sentences and include proper citations to the sources used (both primary and secondary sources) as well as a bibliography. A write-up of the presentation must be handed in at the next class after the presentation. The write-up must be about 3 pages in length, written in complete sentences and include proper citations to the sources used (both primary and secondary sources) as well as a bibliography.

9. Research Essay in place of Presentation Students will complete a 6 page formal research paper on a prescribed topic, worth 30% of your final grade. The essay must: 1. Contain a clear thesis statement, 2. Utilize a minimum of 3 different primary sources, 3. Demonstrate an awareness of the problems involved in using those sources, 4. Critically engage the secondary scholarship on the chosen topic. Students will complete a 6 page formal research paper on a prescribed topic, worth 30% of your final grade. The essay must: 1. Contain a clear thesis statement, 2. Utilize a minimum of 3 different primary sources, 3. Demonstrate an awareness of the problems involved in using those sources, 4. Critically engage the secondary scholarship on the chosen topic. Topics and details will be provided Topics and details will be provided

10. CLAS 2407 War and Society in the Roman World This course will examine the causes of organized violence and the evolution of warfare in ancient Rome from the eighth century BCE to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. Organization, strategy, tactics, and technology will be studied, however, special attention will be paid to the social, cultural, economic and political consequences of Roman warfare and imperial expansion. This course will examine the causes of organized violence and the evolution of warfare in ancient Rome from the eighth century BCE to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire. Organization, strategy, tactics, and technology will be studied, however, special attention will be paid to the social, cultural, economic and political consequences of Roman warfare and imperial expansion.

11. Questions?

12. Defining War What is War? What is War? How many forms of war are there? How many forms of war are there?

13. Defining War Oxford English Dictionary (OED): War = Strife, usually between nations conducted by armed force; hostility between persons; efforts against crime or disease etc. Oxford English Dictionary (OED): War = Strife, usually between nations conducted by armed force; hostility between persons; efforts against crime or disease etc.

14. Types of Warfare War between states. War between states. Defensive warfare, offensive warfare Defensive warfare, offensive warfare Civil war (i.e. clan war, class war, factional struggle,) Civil war (i.e. clan war, class war, factional struggle,) Imperial conquest. Imperial conquest. ‘police’ actions: suppression of revolts (i.e. Slave Revolts); suppression of piracy ‘police’ actions: suppression of revolts (i.e. Slave Revolts); suppression of piracy

15. Why do we study ancient warfare?

16. Why we study Roman warfare Warfare seems to be a fundamental part of the ‘human condition’ Warfare seems to be a fundamental part of the ‘human condition’ allows us to understand human conflict then and now allows us to understand human conflict then and now Warfare was a constant in the history of Rome and an integral part of political, social, and cultural life Warfare was a constant in the history of Rome and an integral part of political, social, and cultural life Allows us to compare the role, function, and consequences of war in ancient Rome and in today’s world. Allows us to compare the role, function, and consequences of war in ancient Rome and in today’s world.

17. Periodization 753 BCE - Traditional date for the founding of Rome 753 BCE - Traditional date for the founding of Rome 753 BCE – 509 BCE: Regal Period 753 BCE – 509 BCE: Regal Period 509 BCE – 31 BCE: Republican Period 509 BCE – 31 BCE: Republican Period 30 (27) BCE – 284 CE: Principate 30 (27) BCE – 284 CE: Principate 284 CE – 476 CE: Dominate 284 CE – 476 CE: Dominate

18. Sources for Roman Warfare Historiography (i.e. written histories) Historiography (i.e. written histories) Archaeology Archaeology Epigraphy Epigraphy Sculpture (i.e. triumphal arches, funerary monuments, statues) Sculpture (i.e. triumphal arches, funerary monuments, statues) Numismatics (i.e. coins) Numismatics (i.e. coins) Literature (speeches, legal writings, drama, poetry, philosophy etc.) Literature (speeches, legal writings, drama, poetry, philosophy etc.)

19. The Barbarians Humbled: Augustan Denarius With a kneeling Gaul http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/augcoingaul.jpg

20. Triumphal Arch ‘testido’ formation

21. Victory Trophy on Triumphal Arch

22. Questions