Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byShannon Pierce Modified over 8 years ago
1
What advantages did America have during its growth? Natural resources Timber, coal, water, iron, copper Transported via railroads Didn’t need to import them Petroleum Kerosene in lamps and stoves Drilling oil wells
2
What advantages did America have during its growth? Workforce US population triples between 1860-1910 20 million immigrants More workers More consumers
3
What advantages did America have during its growth? Government policies Laissez-faire Let people do as they choose without gov’t interference Lower taxes Very few regulations Those with money decide how to use it
4
What advantages did America have during its growth? Government policies (cont.) Entrepreneurs Investors Risk money to start a business Tariffs Taxes on imported goods More money spent on American goods
5
How did inventions spur the development of American industry? Telephone, 1876 Alexander Graham Bell Use an electrical current to transmit sound “Come here, Watson. I want you.” Bell Telephone Company AT&T (American Telephone and Telegraph Company)
6
How did inventions spur the development of American industry? Thomas Edison Phonograph, 1877 Early record player Light bulb & electric generator, 1879 Edison General Electric Company (GE), 1889 Working towards providing electricity in American homes
7
How did inventions spur the development of American industry? Nikola Tesla Alternating current, 1893 Power for most of North America today X-rays Wireless energy and communications
8
How did inventions spur the development of American industry? Refrigerators Ice Machine refrigerated rail car Transport meat without spoiling Clothes Automatic loom Shoes Mass produced shoes End of cobblers
9
How did the American railroad system develop? Transcontinental Railroads Pacific Railway Act Public land for rail companies Union Pacific vs. Central Pacific Push towards West Immigrants, veterans, miners, farmers Tough conditions
10
How did the American railroad system develop? Growth of Railroads Railroad consolidation Linking of independent railways Cornelius Vanderbilt Shipping magnate – steamboats Purchased and linked three Eastern rail companies Profit! Time zones No longer used the sun
11
How did the American railroad system develop? Growth of Railroads (cont) Technology More cars on a track More products shipped in a single trip Land grants Building railways cost $$$ Government gave land to rail companies Rail companies sold it to settlers
12
How did the American railroad system develop? Robber Barons Insider trading Using information to manipulate prices, or to buy low & sell high Jay Gould Bribery Crédit Mobilier Scandal Union Pacific stockholders set up construction company Sold stock to Congress Deal with themselves for lots of $ Distrust in Congress
13
How did corporations shape American industry? Rise of corporations Owned by many people (stockholders) but treated as one person Can own property, pay taxes, sue (and be sued) Economies of scale Sell stocks to raise money Use $ to make a lot of goods at low prices Result = competition
14
What contributed to the rise of business? Rise of corporations Vertical integration Company owns all different aspects it depends on for operation
15
What contributed to the rise of business? Rise of corporations Horizontal integration Combining different companies in the same industry into one large corporation
16
What contributed to the rise of business? Rise of corporations Monopoly Controlling an entire market Trust Merging businesses by managing others legally Holding companies Doesn’t produce anything but owns & controls businesses
17
How did the formation of unions affect American industry? What is a union? Association of workers formed to protect rights and further interests
18
How did the formation of unions affect American industry? Causes of Unions Horrible working conditions Improved standard of living? Inequality of wealth Deflation Rise in value of $$$ Owners cut wages
19
How did the formation of unions affect American industry? Types of Unions Craft worker unions Special skills Machines, stone, iron, glass, shoes, etc. Common laborers Fewer skills Lower wages Trade unions Craft workers AND common laborers in a particular industry
20
How did the formation of unions affect American industry? Resistance towards unions New hires forced to pledge to not join a union Private investigators Blacklist Lockout Replaced union workers with strikebreakers called “scabs”
21
How did the formation of unions affect American industry? Resistance towards unions (continued) Courts didn’t recognize right to organize Perception that unions were Marxist Workers vs. owners Overthrow government Communism
22
How did the formation of unions affect American industry? Women in the workforce By 1900, women made up 18-20% of labor force Domestic service, teachers, nurses, secretaries, garment & food factories Paid less than men for same job Excluded by unions Formed Women’s Trade Union League
23
Point The man who has his millions will want everything he can lay his hands on and then raise his voice against the poor devil who wants ten cents more a day. Counterpoint Labor unions would have us believe that they transfer income from rich capitalists to poor workers. In fact, they mostly transfer income from the large number of non-union workers to a small number of relatively well-off union workers.
24
How successful were early unions? Great Railroad Strike of 1877 Panic of 1873 Railroads slashed wages 80,000 workers across 11 states went on strike Destroyed equipment, blocked rails President Hayes sent in troops 100+ dead, millions of $ in damages
25
How successful were early unions? Knights of Labor Nationwide labor union 8-hour workday National bureau of labor stats Equal pay for women No more child labor Worker-owned factories
26
How successful were early unions? Knights of Labor Opposed strikes, especially violent strikes Preferred arbitration Third party decides Successful strike against railroad wage cuts Membership from 100,000 to 700,000 in one year
27
How successful were early unions? Haymarket Riot Nationwide strike for 8-hour workday Clashes between strikers and police in Chicago left one dead More protests Bomb police and protesters both open fire 7 police, 4 workers dead 8 arrested, including one Knights of Labor member
28
How successful were early unions? Pullman Strike Pullman Company made railroad cars Forced employees to buy from stores owned by company Workers strike US Mail on rail cars President Cleveland: Deliver the mail or else! Sent in 12,000 troops
29
How successful were early unions? American Federation of Labor Samuel Gompers Stay out of politics Focus on working conditions and legal recognition of unions
Similar presentations
© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc.
All rights reserved.