1. 20080220 Chung Sik, Kim Universal Design Term Project

2. 2 Universal design –Background –Definition –Application areas –Principles Product performance program Case study Contents

3. 3 1 Background of Universal Design Something wrong... What?

4. 4 1 Background of Universal Design

5. 5 1 Universal Design!

6. 6 1 Background of Universal Design

7. 7 1

8. 8 1 Age Gender Disability Healthy Pregnant Nationality Left-handed, Right-handed... One design for diverse people!

9. 9 ▐ Ronald Mace (Center for universal design) 2 Definition of Universal Design  Firstly used in the United states by Ronald Mace (1985)  The design of facilities, products, and services that can be used by people all abilities, to the greatest extent possible, without adaptations (1995)  Universal design seeks to encourage attractive, marketable products that are more usable by everyone. It is design for the built environment and consumer products for a very broad definition of user (1998)

10. 10 ▐ Universal design vs. Ergonomics 2 Definition of Universal Design Change the things people use and the environments in which they use these things to better match the capabilities, limitations, and needs of people Human factors Different design for different person Different design for different person Design for human The design of facilities, products, and services that can be used by people all abilities, to the greatest extent possible, without adaptations Universal design Equal design for different person Equal design for different person

11. 11 ▐ Universal design vs. Ergonomics 2 Definition of Universal Design Designing chair in classroom Wide range of height Human factors Wide range of chairs Universal design Adjustable chair

12. 12 ▐ Synonyms 2 Definition of Universal Design Barrier-free design Accessible design Design for all Inclusive design Universal design Adaptable design

13. 13 ▐ Synonyms 2 Definition of Universal Design Barrier-free design [ 1950s in world ] Remove barriers for disabled people from built environment [ 1950s in world ] Remove barriers for disabled people from built environment Negative feeling

14. 14 ▐ Synonyms 2 Definition of Universal Design Barrier-free design Accessible design [ 1970s in US ] Positive term than barrier free design Has been linked to legislated requirements [ 1970s in US ] Positive term than barrier free design Has been linked to legislated requirements [ 1950s in world ] Remove barriers for disabled people from built environment [ 1950s in world ] Remove barriers for disabled people from built environment Negative feeling

15. 15 ▐ Synonyms 2 Definition of Universal Design Design for all [ 1960s in Europe ] design philosophy targeting the use of products, services and systems by as many people as possible without the need for adaptation [ 1960s in Europe ] design philosophy targeting the use of products, services and systems by as many people as possible without the need for adaptation Inclusive design [ In UK ] Similar with universal design Include not only product and buildings also communication and service [ In UK ] Similar with universal design Include not only product and buildings also communication and service Universal design Barrier-free design Accessible design

16. 16 ▐ Synonyms 2 Definition of Universal Design Adaptable design Modifications made to standard design for the purpose of making the design usable for an individual, as needed

17. 17 Mandatory Different country Modification? Broad concept ▐ Synonyms 2 Definition of Universal Design Negative Barrier-free design Accessible design ≒ Positive Design for all Inclusive design Universal design Adaptable design Yes No

18. 18 ▐ Architectural areas 3 Application areas  Mainstream of applications of universal design  Universal design concept is applied into lots of acts related with buildings and environments  To reduce discomfort of the underprivileged,  Government establish/revise acts and guidelines  Researchers survey discomfort elements and their causes, and suggest solutions

19. 19 ▐ Products areas 3 Application areas  Universal design concept is not applied into products actively because of cost problem  To make product universally, mostly additional cost is needed  Ex) Low-floor bus vs normal bus  Universal design is applied into product areas narrowly  Applied when additional cost is low Normal bus Low-floor bus 69,800,00072,910,000 176,230,000 <

20. 20 ▐ 7 Principles of Universal Design 1. Equitable use 2. Flexibility in use 3. Simple and intuitive use 4. Perceptible information 4 7 Principles of Universal Design Equitable use Flexibility in use Simple & Intuitive Perceptible information Size & space for approach & use Tolerance for error Low physical effort 5. Tolerance for error 6. Low physical effort 7. Size and space for approach and use

21. 21 ▐ 1. Equitable use 4 7 Principles of Universal Design [Guidelines]  Provide the same means of use for all users  Identical whenever possible; equivalent when not. Avoid segregating or stigmatizing any users.  Make provisions for privacy, security, and safety equally available to all users.  Make the design appealing to all users. Power doors with sensors at entrances that are convenient for all users [ Example ] The design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities. 

22. 22 ▐ 2. Flexibility in use 4 7 Principles of Universal Design [Guidelines]  Provide choice in methods of use  Accommodate right – or left – handed access and use  Facilitate the user’s accuracy and precision  Provide adaptability to the user’s pace [ Example ] The design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities Scissors designed for right – or left – handed users 

23. 23 ▐ 3. Simple and intuitive use 4 7 Principles of Universal Design [Guidelines]  Eliminate unnecessary complexity  Be consistent with user expectations and intuition.  Accommodate a wide range of literacy and language skills  Arrange information consistent with its importance  Provide effective prompting and feedback during and after task completion [ Example ] Use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user’s experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level An instruction manual with drawings and no text 

24. 24 ▐ 4. Perceptible information 4 7 Principles of Universal Design [Guidelines]  Use different modes (pictorial, verbal, tactile) for redundant presentations of essential information  Maximize “legibility” of essential information  Differentiate elements in ways that can be described (i.e., make it easy to give instructions or directions)  Provide compatibility with a variety of techniques or devices used by people with sensory limitations [ Example ] The design communicates necessary information effectively to the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user’s sensory abilities Redundant cueing (e.g., voice communications and signage) in airports, train stations, and subway cars 

25. 25 ▐ 5. Tolerance for error 4 7 Principles of Universal Design [Guidelines]  Arrange elements to minimize hazards and errors  Most used elements, most accessible; hazardous elements eliminated, isolated, or shielded  Provide warnings of hazards and errors  Provide fail safe features  Discourage unconscious action in tasks that require vigilance [ Example ] The design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions An “undo” feature in computer software that allows the user to correct mistakes without penalty 

26. 26 ▐ 6. Low physical effort 4 7 Principles of Universal Design [Guidelines]  Allow user to maintain a neutral body position  Use reasonable operating forces  Minimize repetitive actions  Minimize sustained physical effort [ Example ] The design can be used efficiently and comfortably and with a minimum of fatigue Lever or loop handles on doors and faucets 

27. 27 ▐ 7. Size and space for approach and use 4 7 Principles of Universal Design [Guidelines]  Provide a clear line of sight to important elements for any seated or standing user  Make reach to all components comfortable for any seated or standing user  Accommodate variations in hand and grip size  Provide adequate space for the use of assistive devices or personal assistance [ Example ] Appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation, and use regardless of user’s body size, posture, or mobility Wide gates at subway stations that accommodate all users 

28. Thank you Next presentation… Product Performance Program